Key Concepts in Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Active site

A

A specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.

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2
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher
concentration (against the concentration gradient) across a membrane, with the use of
energy from respiration.

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells

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5
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

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6
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like structures found on ciliated epithelial cells which waft substances across the
surface of the tissue in one direction.

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7
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration between two areas.

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8
Q

Denatured

A

Upon exposure to high temperatures or extremes of pH, the permanent
change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site that prevents the binding of a substrate.

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

The net spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a lower
concentration (down their concentration gradient)

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10
Q

Diploid cell

A

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (i.e. a full set of
chromosomes).

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11
Q

Egg cell

A

A specialised female sex cell involved in reproduction.

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12
Q

Electron microscope

A
  • A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons, focused using
    magnets, to produce an image of a specimen. It has a greater magnification and resolution
    than a light microscope.
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13
Q

Enzyme

A

A biological catalyst that increases the rate of reactions in living organisms.

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14
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

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15
Q

Flagella

A

A long hair-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.

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16
Q

Haploid cell

A

A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome (i.e. half the number of
chromosomes).

17
Q

Lipid

A

A large molecule that is synthesised from fatty acids and glycerol

18
Q

Magnification

A

magnification = image size / object size

19
Q

Mitochondria

A

An organelle that is the site of respiration.

20
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of
the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

21
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a
region of lower water concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

22
Q

Plasmid

A

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

23
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus.

24
Q

Protein

A

A large molecule that is synthesised from amino acids.

25
Q

Resolution

A

The smallest distance between two objects that can be distinguished.

26
Q

Ribosomes

A

Sub-cellular structures that are the site of protein synthesis.

27
Q

Sperm cell

A

A specialised male sex cell that is involved in reproduction

28
Q

Vacuole

A

An organelle found in plant cells which stores cell sap and supports the cell.