natural selection and changes over generation Flashcards
What is a species
A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What does fertile mean
Can produce more offspring
What is reproductive isolation
Where two species are separated to the point where they can no longer interbreed
What is introgression
When offspring mate with a parental species
What is subspecies
A category where genes can be shared among different groups
What is adaption
A feature of an organism that provides a benefit or advantage
What are three main types of adaptions
Structural, behavioural, physiological
What is a structural adaption
Physical features that assist an organism like a snails shell
What is a behavioural adaption
Actions an organism does to gain a benefit like a snail retracting into its shell for protection
What is a physiological adaption
Where ah organism does things unconsciously like a snail producing mucus
What is evolution
The development of life on earth over time
What is recombination
The random mixing of dna from two organisms
What is mutation
Random changes in dna
What is natural selection
Where random evolutionary changes are selected by nature to enhance survival and reproduction
What are vestigial structures
Features in an organism that serve no function or purpose
What is distribution in evolution
Occurrence of unusual species in isolated islands
What is embryology and embryo
Study of similarities among organisms at early stages of developement, an organism at early stages of development after being born or hatched
What is embryology and embryo
Study of similarities among organisms at early stages of developement, an organism at early stages of development after being born or hatched
What is descent with modification
Children look and behave slightly different from parents
Common descent
All living things are related
Natural selection in depth
Organisms overproduce exhibit variations nature selects those best suited to survive and adapt
3 prices of evidence of evolution
Artificial selection comparative embryology homologous structure
Homologous structure
Same number of bones muscles orblood vessels due to common ancestors but serve different functions
Analogous structure?
Features with similar functions but different structure
Artificial selection
Breeding organisms for desirable traits
Inbreeding and cross breeding
Mating between closely related organisms and then cross breeding is the opposite
what is the nature that acts upon the environment called?
selective agent. may be a biotic factor (living thing) or abiotic factor (physical thing)
