ions, covalent bonding, law of conservation Flashcards
What is an ion?
A charged particle formed from the gain or loss of electrons.
What happens when an atom loses electrons?
It becomes positively charged and is called a cation.
What happens when an atom gains electrons?
It becomes negatively charged and is called an anion.
How do you denote the charge of an ion in a structure?
Put a box around the atom and place the charge in the top right corner.
What is the naming convention for ionic compounds?
The second half of the second word is replaced with “ide.”
How are ionic bonds formed?
Ionic bonds are formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Between which types of elements do ionic bonds typically form?
Ionic bonds tend to form between metals and non-metals.
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points, solid at room temperature, and they form aqueous solutions.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding occurs when similar atoms react and share their electron
What are the two types of covalent structures?
Small molecules and giant compounds.
What are the properties of small molecules in covalent compounds?
They have weak intermolecular attractions, resulting in low melting and boiling points.
What are the properties of giant covalent compounds?
They have high melting and boiling points due to strong covalent bonds.
What are allotropes?
Different structures of the same element, such as graphite and diamond for carbon.
How do you name covalent compounds?
A: Use prefixes to denote the number of atoms.
Example: N₂O = Dinitrogen Monoxide
Example: N₂O₃ = Dinitrogen Trioxide
What are intermolecular forces?
Forces between covalently bonded molecules that influence properties like boiling points.
