Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Principles of Natural Selection

A
  1. natural selection depends on the environment. It does not favor the superior trait but favors the traits that are beneficial for survival and reproduction in a specific area.
  2. natural selection acts on the existing heritable traits. This heritable variance serves as a starting material for natural selection to act upon.
  3. heritable variations come from random changes or mutations in the genes.
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2
Q

Four fundamental principles of natural selection that Charles Darwin originally outlined in his book The Origin of Species

A
  1. Variation
  2. Inheritance
  3. High rate of population growth
  4. Reproductive advantage
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3
Q

variables which cause a certain phenotype of an organism to have a better chance of surviving and reproducing.

A

selective pressures

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4
Q

a particular way that genes are expressed in the physical traits or characteristics of an organism

A

phenotype

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5
Q

3 types of natural selection

A
  1. stabilizing selection
  2. directional selection
  3. Disruptive Selection
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6
Q

This type of natural selection occurs when there are selective pressures working against two extremes of a trait and therefore the intermediate or “middle” trait is selected for.

A

Stabilizing selection

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7
Q

This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of one extreme of a trait.

A

Directional selection

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8
Q

This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of the two extremes and against the intermediate trait. This type of selection is not as common.

A

Disruptive selection

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9
Q

External forces which affect an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment.

A

selective pressures

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10
Q

a measure of the extent to which natural selection is acting to reduce the relative contribution of a given genotype to the next generation.

A

selection coefficient

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11
Q

describes a difference in relative fitness between one genotype and another standard genotype.

A

selective coefficient

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12
Q
A
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