Natural Selection

Question 1

Charles Darwin traveled around the world on the

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HMS Beagle

Question 2

Charles Darwin observed organisms on different islands that were clearly similar, yet distinct differences which lead to the idea of

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natural selection

Question 3

3 principles of natural selection

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1- most characteristics of organisms are inherited, or passed from parent to offspring
2- more offspring are produced than can survive, so resources for survival and reproduction are limited
3-offspring vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited

Question 4

Alfred Wallace

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naturalist who made similar observations as Darwin

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papers by darwin and wallace presenting the idea of natural selection were read together in 1858 before the

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linnenan society by londaon

Question 6

Natural selection can only take place if there is

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variation, or differences, among individuals in a population

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The differences that allow natural selection to occur must be

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some genetic basis

Question 8

genetic diversity in a population comes from two main mechanisms:

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mutation and sexual reproduction

Question 9

mutation, a change in DNA is the

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ultimate source of new alleles, or new genetic variation

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sexual reproduction-

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2 parents reproduce, unique combination of alleles assemble to produce the unique genotypes and thus phenotypes in each of the offspring

Question 11

how do we acchieve genetic diversity?

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mutations and sexual reproduction

Question 12

A heritable trait that helps the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment is called an

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adaptation

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Whether or not a trait is favorable depends on

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the environment conditions at the time

Question 14

The same traits are not always

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adaptive because the enviroment can change

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Sometimes, evolution gives rise to groups of organisms that become

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tremendously different from each other

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When 2 species evolve in diverse directions from a common point, it is called a

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divergent

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convergent evolution occurs when

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similar traits evolve independently in species that do not share a recent common ancestry.

Question 18

Convergent evolvtion occurs as well when

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two species from unrelated lines develop the same traits or features

Question 19

Fossils provide solid evidence that

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organisms from the past are not the same as those found today and fossils show a progression of evolution

Question 20

Anatomy shows the presence of structures in organisms that share the

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same basic form as well as the convergence of form in organisms that share similar enviornments

Question 21

Embryology shows structures that are absent in some groups often appear in their

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embryonic forms and disappear by the time the adult or juvenile form is reached

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biogeography- the geographic distrubution or organisms on the planet follows patterns that are best explained by evolution in conjunction with the

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movement of tectonic plates over geological time

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Molecular biology- the structures of molecules

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of life reflect descent with modification

Question 24

Evidence of a common ancestor for all life is reflected in the universality of

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DNA as the genetic material and in the near universality of the genetic coder and the machinery of DNA replication and expression