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Ethics > Natural Law > Flashcards

Natural Law Flashcards

0
Q

why are humans different to animals?

A

because we are able to reason

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1
Q

according to Aristotle what is the purpose of human life?

A

to reach EUDIAMONIA - happiness

can also mean, living well, doing good and achieving well

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2
Q

why must we use reason excellently?

A

to achieve our purpose

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3
Q

what does aristotle’s final cause relate to in human life?

A

to be good

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4
Q

what did aquinas say human purpose was?

A

god’s purpose

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5
Q

what is eternal law?

A

god’s law of the everything, known by him only

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6
Q

what is divine law?

A

god’s laws handed down to people in the bible, know by the few

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7
Q

what is natural law?

A

reflected in humans nature - discoverable by everyone using reason

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8
Q

what are the 5 primary precepts?

A

1) worship God
2) educate the young
3) reproduction
4) self preservation and the preservation of life
5) living peacefully in society

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9
Q

what are primary precepts?

A

always true and applying to everyone without exception

they are a direct reflection of god’s eternal law

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10
Q

what are secondary precepts?

A

rules that derive from the primary precepts

eg. ‘the preservation of life’ is a primary precept, leading to the secondary precepts of ‘do not kill’ and ‘do not abort’

ABSOLUTE RULES, DEONTOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE THEORY

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11
Q

what does the law of double effect refer to?

A

double effect refers to situations where there is an intended outcome and another significant but unintentional outcome

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12
Q

what do we use to distinguish between real and apparent goods?

A

reason

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13
Q

apparent goods

A

maybe plesaurable but not leading to fulfilment of potential eg. taking drugs

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14
Q

what does natural law protect? STRENGTH

A

protects the absolute nature of human rights

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15
Q

what does natural law use in combination? STRENGTH

A

reason and instinct

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16
Q

what does natural law give purpose to? STRENGTH

A

the world

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17
Q

what can natural law be seen as? STRENGTH

A

a logical framework even without faith in god

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18
Q

what does natural law give us? STRENGTH

A

rules to follow

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19
Q

what does natural law reduce? STRENGTH

A

problems caused by relativism

20
Q

what is difficult to establish in natural law? WEAKNESS

A

a single ‘human nature’

21
Q

when doesn’t natural law fit as well? WEAKNESS

A

without faith in god

22
Q

what can natural law lead to? WEAKNESS

A

bad outcomes due to it’s deontological nature (ignores consequences)

23
Q

what is natural law meant to fit which limits it? WEAKNESS

A

meant to fit all cultures at all times therefore it is rigid

24
Q

what is the problem with secondary precepts? WEAKNESS

A

they can easily be made in error

25
Q

what are there fixed natural laws about?

A

the workings of nature

26
Q

how do we have the capacity to know these laws?

A

through science

27
Q

if things are meant to be then they …….

A

ought to be

28
Q

where can you find natural law?

A

built into our nature - “the law written on our hearts”

29
Q

what argument does aristotle present?

A

the function argument and the supreme good

30
Q

what does aristotle say everything we do is for?

A

a purpose

31
Q

what does aristotle call a purpose?

A

a good

32
Q

what is every ‘good’ done to achieve? aristotle

A

to achieve an even greater ‘good’

33
Q

what must there be beyond a ‘greater good’?

A

supreme good, beyond which there are no other purposes

34
Q

what must the supreme good be?

A

1) the end for which all human beings pursue all other ‘goods’
2) it must be unconditionally complete
3) it must be self-sufficient

35
Q

what satisfies all 3 criteria of supreme good?

A

happiness

36
Q

what is something’s function?

A

the activity that nothing else can do aswell

37
Q

example of good and supreme good

A

the ‘good’ of an eye lies in seeing and it’s ‘supreme good’ is seeing excellently

38
Q

distinctive function of humans

A

rational activity

39
Q

what does our supreme or highest good lie in?

A

using and following reason excellently

40
Q

where does natural law come from?

A

our human nature and our search for happiness and fulfillment

41
Q

how does aquinas describe Natural Law?

A

as a moral code existing within the purpose of nature, created by God

42
Q

what to human beings have in order for us to live and flourish?

A

an essential rational nature

43
Q

what can reason do even without the knowledge of god?

A

discover the laws that lead to human flourishing (aristotle)

44
Q

what are the natural laws?

A

universal and unchanging and should be used to judge the laws of particular societies

45
Q

what did aquinas think that god had given all human beings?

A

inclinations to behave in certain ways which lead us to the highest good

46
Q

when are primary precepts true?

A

always in that they point us in the right direction

47
Q

what are secondary precepts dependent on?

A

our own judgements and are therefore open to faulty reasoning and can lead to wrong choices

48
Q

what do secondary precepts require?

A

experience, the use of reason and exercise of wisdom

Ethics (7 decks)

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