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Ethics > Moral Absolutism and Moral Relativism > Flashcards

Moral Absolutism and Moral Relativism Flashcards

0
Q

what are rules that are always either right or wrong known as?

A

ethical absolutes

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1
Q

what does moral absolutism argue?

A

some things are always right or wrong

  • always
  • for all people
  • regardless of the situation
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2
Q

ABSOLUTISM =

A

some things are right & other things are wrong, and that these things are fixed for all time & all people

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3
Q

what are immoral acts?

A

intrinsically wrong

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4
Q

what does intrinsically wrong mean?

A

wrong in themselves

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5
Q

why are situations wrong according to absolutism?

A

because the act breaks a moral rule

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6
Q

what is an example of a moral absolutist position in religion?

A

the 10 commandments

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7
Q

what do many christians today think?

A

that there is a hierarchy of absolutes

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8
Q

what would happen if there was a conflict between absolutes?

A

it’s our duty to obey the higher one

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9
Q

what does absolutism provide? STRENGTH

A

provides a fixed ethical code with which to measure actions

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10
Q

what does absolutism allow countries to have? STRENGTH

A

laws

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11
Q

what does absolutism give clear guidance of?

A

behaviour that reinforces a global view of the human community

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12
Q

what is there no danger of doing within absolutism?

A

permitting atrocities

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13
Q

what can absolutism support? STRENGTH

A

the declaration of human rights

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14
Q

what does absolutism help to do? STRENGTH

A

unite cultures

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15
Q

what can’t absolutism take into account? WEAKNESS

A

the circumstances of the situation

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16
Q

what is absolutism unable to accept? WEAKNESS

A

different religions and cultural practices

17
Q

what can absolutism be seen as? WEAKNESS

A

intolerant of cultural diversity

18
Q

what are there none of? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

no universally valid moral principles

19
Q

what are all principles and values relative to? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

relative to a particular culture of age

20
Q

what is there no such thing as regarding actions? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

‘good - in itself’ but if an action seems good to you and bad for me , that’s it - there is no objective basis for us to discover the truth

21
Q

who found an example of MORAL RELATIVISM?

A

king darius

22
Q

what did king darius observe? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

that while certain greeks burn the bodies of their fathers, a different group called callations are the bodies of their fathers

23
Q

what did king darius ask the two groups to do? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

how much he would have to pay them to adopt the practice of the other

24
Q

what was the response of the two groups to king darius’s question? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

both groups were outraged and refused

25
Q

what did king darius’s example show?

A

what was right for one tribe was wrong for the other

26
Q

what is the dependency thesis? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

what is right or wrong depends upon the nature of society

27
Q

what did JL Mackie say? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

there are no objective values

28
Q

what does JL Mackie say isn’t part of the fabric of the world? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

values, the good, the rightness & wrongness

29
Q

what does JL Mackie say the more convincing argument is?

A

to assume that people participates in different ways of living because they follow different codes

30
Q

what does moral relativism suit? STRENGTH

A

our multicultural world

31
Q

what does moral relativism permit? STRENGTH

A

acts which one culture considers the norm and others don’t

32
Q

what does moral relativism say one culture isn’t? STRENGTH

A

superior to another

33
Q

what does moral relativism decline? STRENGTH

A

religious authority

34
Q

what is the weakness of different moral views? MORAL RELATIVISM

A

different moral views are not necessarily equal (socrates)

35
Q

what can there be no real evaluation of in moral relativism? WEAKNESS

A

no real evaluation or criticisms of practices such as the holocaust

36
Q

what does moral relativism give little reason for? WEAKNESS

A

behaving morally

37
Q

just because cultures caary…what doesn’t it mean?

A

it doess not mean there is no ‘objective good’

38
Q

what are moral rules? cultural relativism

A

expressions of culture and nothing more

39
Q

what isn’t there regarding rules? CULTURAL RELATIVISM

A

no set of moral rules that appy to all. nothing absolute or universal about morality

40
Q

where do moral points of view vary from? CULTURAL RELATIVISM

A

time to time, culture to culture, religion to religion and place to place

41
Q

why is the diversity thesis important? CULTURAL RELATIVISM

A

because of the diversity across and within cultures, there can be no one true morality

Ethics (7 decks)

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