Natural History of CHD

Question 1

When do you hear

1. ASDs
2. VSDs?

Answer 1

1. During diastole mostly (clinically they are pretty quiet)

2. During systole and diastole

Question 2

4 long term consequences of ASDs

Answer 2

Arrhythmias
RV dysfunction
Paradoxical embolic phenomena (clot can move through hole)
Pulmonary vascular disease

Question 3

Most common type of VSD

Answer 3

Muscular

Question 4

Problems with a VSD

Answer 4

CHF
Failure to thrive
Infection because they have pulmonary edema and can’t clear lungs
Pulmonary vascular disease

Question 5

How do we treat PDAs?

Answer 5

Medications
Device closure
Surgery

Question 6

3 CHD that lead to pulmonary vascular disease

Answer 6

VSD
PDA
TGA
ASD rarely

Question 7

Some complications from aortic coarctation

Answer 7

Chronic hypertension
LV hypertrophy
Stroke
Aortic dissection
Infective endocarditis
Angina
Morbidity
Aortic valve stenosis

Question 8

Problems with the atrial repair in transposition?

Answer 8

Rv failure eventually
Arrhythmia
Sinus node disease

Question 9

Arterial Switch

Answer 9

For transposition - instead of opening a hole in the atria
Put the aorta and pulmonary artery back on the correct ventricles
Also have to correct the coronary arteries

Question 10

How to fix a ToF?

Answer 10

Open the restriction to RV outflow

Close the VSD

Question 11

2 most common causes of death after fixing ToF

Answer 11

Sudden cardiac death

Heart failure

Question 12

2 CHDs that cause a high risk pregnancy

Answer 12

Complex coarctation

Pulmonary hypertension