Natural Hazards

Question 1

Describe the distribution of earthquakes?

Answer 1

• happen along all three plate margins

Question 2

Describe the distribution of volcanoes?

Answer 2

destructive and constructive plate boundaries

Question 3

What are the three types of plate margin?

Answer 3

destructive, constructive and conservative

Question 4

What are the two types of crust?

Answer 4

continental and oceanic

Question 5

Describe continental crust?

Answer 5

thicker (30-50km) and less dense

Question 6

Describe oceanic crust?

Answer 6

thinner (5-10k) and more dense

Question 7

Why are plates moving?

Answer 7

due to convection currents in the mantel underneath the crust

Question 8

What are plate bounderies or margins?

Answer 8

the place where plates meet

Question 9

Describe destructive margins?

Answer 9

two plates moving towards each other oceanic + continental = denser oceanic plate is forced downwards into mantel and destroyed. can create volcanoes and ocean trenches .

two continental = plates collide and ground folded and forced upwards to create mountain ranges

Question 10

Describe constructive margins?

Answer 10

two plates moving away from each other.

Magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap and cools creating new crust

Question 11

Describe conservative margins?

Answer 11

where two plates are moving sideways past each other, or same direction at different speeds.
crust isn’t created or destroyed

Question 12

Explain in basic terms how a volcano is formed?

Answer 12

• oceanic plate moves down into mantel where destroyed and melted
• pool of magma forms
• magma rises through cracks in the crust called vents
• magma erupts onto surface causing a volcano

Question 13

Explain in basic terms how an earthquake is formed?

Answer 13

Plates eventually jerk past each other sending out shock waves

Question 14

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 14

the point in the earth where the earthquake starts

Question 15

What is the epicentre?

Answer 15

the point on the earths surface straight above the focus

Question 16

Where is a HIC that suffered through an earthquake?

Answer 16

Italy

Question 17

What is a LIC that had an earthquake?

Answer 17

Pakistan

Question 18

What were the immediate responses in Italy?

Answer 18

• camps set up for homeless with water, shelter and food
• army, ambulances and fire engines used to rescue survivors
• cranes and diggers used to remove rubble
• free mobile phones + SIM cards provided
• money provided by government to pay rent, and electricity and gas bills suspended

Question 19

Using one word per point what are the immediate responses in Italy?

Answer 19

• camps
• army
• cranes
• phones
• money

Question 20

What were the immediate responses of Pakistan?

Answer 20

• international aid and equipment (helicopters) were bought in
• help didn’t reach many areas fro days and weeks- reduced by hand with no equipment or help from services
• tents, medical supplies and blankets issued but took over a month to reach all areas

Question 21

What are the long term responses in Italy?

Answer 21

• new settlements for over 20000 residents who used to live in city centre
• city centre being rebuilt
• investigation set up to why modern buildings weren’t suitable for earthquakes

Question 22

What are the long term responses in Pakistan?

Answer 22

• 40000 people relocated to settlement as town destroyed
• aid given to rebuild schools and government gave money to rebuild homes
• many people still using government money to buy food, after 3 years still living in tents, after 10 years some schools not rebuilt - taught outside