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GCSE Geography > Changing Economic World > Flashcards

Changing Economic World Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the DMT show?

A

how changing birth rates and death rates affect population growth

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2
Q

What does stage 1 population pyramid shape?

A

concave triangle

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3
Q

What is stage 2 population pyramid shape?

A

triangle

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4
Q

What is stage 3 population pyramid shape?

A

bullet

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5
Q

What is stage 4 population pyramid?

A

rounded bullet

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6
Q

WHat is stage 5 population pyramid shape?

A

china doll

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7
Q

What are the three types of causes for uneven development?

A
  • physical
  • economic
  • historical
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8
Q

What are the physical causes of uneven development?

A
  • landlocked, cut off from sea trade
  • tropical areas have more climate related diseases and pests, affects countries ability to stay healthy and work
  • extreme weather can slow developmet as costly to repair
  • lack of adequate supplies of safe water is economic barrier
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9
Q

What are the economic causes of uneven development?

A
  • low life expectancy
  • frequent illness
  • lack of nutritious diet make economic development hard
  • In trade rich countries use power to pay very low prices for raw materials from LICs, manufacturing takes place in HIC meaning poor country stays poor
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10
Q

What are some historical causes of uneven development?

A
  • poor countries have no history of industrial and economic development
  • have political instability due to cival wars and political unrest holding back development
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11
Q

WHat are the severn ways the development gap can be reduced?

A
  • investment
  • industrial development and tourism
  • aid
  • using intermediate technology
  • fairtrade
  • debt relief
  • microfinance loans
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12
Q

How can investment reduce development gap?

A

can support a countryes development by providing employment and income from abroad. as economy grows poverty decreases and education improves. people become politically involved meaning better governments

  • development of infrastructure such as roads, water, electricity
  • construction of dams for electricity
  • development of new industries
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13
Q

How can industrial development reduce development gap?

A

brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure - multiplier effect

factory creates employment, money for workers and government -> money invested in schools, roads and services -> population becomes better educated and healthier -> opportunities for new investments in supply industries and shops …….

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14
Q

How can tourism reduce development gap?

A

tourism hotspots leads to investment and increased income from abroad whihc can be used on improving infrastructure, education and services

  • can be vulnerable in times of recession
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15
Q

What are the 6 types of aid?

A
  • short term, emergency in response to natural disaster
  • bilateral - one country to another
  • multilateral - countries give to organisations
  • voluntary - donated by general public
  • tied - given with conditions
  • long term - sustainable aid which aims to improve resiliance
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16
Q

How can aid reduce development gap?

A
  • only aid that is long term and freely given can really address development gap
  • on large scale can be used in big projects or small term to improve someones quality of life
17
Q

What is intermediate technology?

A

sustainable technology that is appropriate to needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people

18
Q

How can intermediate technology reduce the development gap?

A

-form of small scale projects often associated with agriculture water or health. For local communities and can massively improve quality of life

19
Q

Which two ways do rich countries protect trade>

A

tariffs and quotas

20
Q

What are tariffs?

A

taxes paid on imports, they make imported goods more expensive and less attractive than home- produced goods

21
Q

WHat are quotas?

A

limits on quantity of goods that can be imported. usually applied to primary products so they affect mainly poorer countries

22
Q

What are advantages for poor countries in joining a trade group

A
  • encourages trade between member countries
  • richer countries cannot shop around for cheaper prices
  • members can command a greater share of market
  • members are able to get higher prices for goods
23
Q

What are trading groups?

A

countries which have grouped together to increase the level of trade between them by cutting tariffs and discouraging trade with non-members

24
Q

What is fair trade?

A

sets standards for trade with poorer countries. seeks to reduce development gap by improving the quality of life for ordinary farmers

25
Q

What does fair trade ensure?

A
  • farmer gets all the money from the sale of his crop
  • guarantees the farmer a fair price
  • part of price is invested in local communities
  • farmer farms in enviromentally friendly way
  • product becomes more global
26
Q

What is debt relief?

A

worlds richest countries agreed to cancel debts if country could:

  • manage own finances
  • show there was no corruption
  • spend saved debt money on education, health care and reducing poverty
27
Q

How can debt relief reduce development gap?

A
  • poorer countries can invest money on development and not paying back country
  • money spent on improving peoples quality of life
28
Q

What are the problems with debt relief?

A
  • countries may get into further debt expecting it will be written off
  • corrupt governments may keep the money instead of using to help the poor
29
Q

What is microfinance?

A
  • small scale financial support available directly from banks set up to help the poor. Microfinance loans enable individuals to start small buisnesses and help them become self sufficient

GCSE Geography (9 decks)

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