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Geography > Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Natural Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

Socio-Economic Disruption

A

Disruption to social or economic aspects of society

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2
Q

Environmental Degradation

A

The deterioration of the natural environment

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3
Q

Effusive Eruption

A

An eruption where lava flows on the ground rather than being expelled in an explosive manner

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4
Q

Basaltic Eruption

A

A gentle eruption which is characterised by fluid lava and is relatively predictable

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5
Q

Stratovolcano

A

A steep sided volcano made up of alternate layers of lava and ash

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6
Q

Hazard Perception

A

The way in which someone understands or interprets a hazard

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7
Q

Prevention

A

The action of stopping something from happening

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8
Q

Prediction

A

Suggesting what might happen in the future

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9
Q

Park Response Model

A

A model to show the changing quality of life through different phases of a disaster

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10
Q

Hazard Management Cycle

A

A cycle showing phases of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness in the management of a hazard

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11
Q

Primary Hazard

A

Hazards that are directly related to the volcano and its eruption

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12
Q

Pyroclastic Flow

A

A mixture of hot rock, lava, ash and gases arising from a volcanic eruption that moves at a rapid speed along the ground

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13
Q

Tephra

A

Rock fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions

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14
Q

Nuee Ardente

A

A dense, rapidly moving cloud of hot gases, ash and lava fragments from a volcanic eruption; a type of pyroclastic flow

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15
Q

Secondary Hazard

A

Hazards that occur due a primary hazard

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16
Q

Lahar

A

A destructive mudflow which occurs as a result of a volcanic eruption

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17
Q

Tsunami

A

A large wave triggered by seismic activity

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18
Q

Acid Rain

A

Volcanoes erupt sulphurus gases which can result in acidic rainwater

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19
Q

Intraplate

A

In the middle of a plate, away from the plate margins

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20
Q

Subduction Zone

A

Zones where thin, dense oceanic crust is formed beneath thicker, less dense continental crust at a destructive plate boundary

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21
Q

Shield Volcanoes

A

A volcano with gently sloping sides

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22
Q

Caldera

A

A large volcanic crater, often formed following a highly explosive eruption where the summit of the volcano is removed

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23
Q

Hotspots

A

Sites where mantle plumes rise up through areas of thin crust, causing volcanic activity in areas away from plate boundaries

24
Q

Ground Deformation

A

The change in shape of the ground before or after a volcanic eruption

25
Q

Perparedness

A

The state of readiness for a volcanic eruption

26
Q

Mitigation

A

The action of reducing the severity or seriousness of an eruption

27
Q

Adaption

A

The action of changing or adapting behaviour in order to reduce the severity of a volcanic eruption

28
Q

Volcanic Explosivity Index

A

A index that measures the explosivity of volcanics

29
Q

Continental Crust

A

The earth’s crust which is found under the continents; it is relatively thick and not as dense as oceanic crust

30
Q

Benioff Zone

A

The zone where earthquakes tend to occur as the oceanic crust is being subducted underneath the continental crust at a destructive plate boundary

31
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

The crust which is found under the oceans; it is relatively thin and more dense than continental crust

32
Q

Seismometer

A

An instrument that measures the seismic waves of an earthquake

33
Q

Non-Governmental Organisations

A

An organisation that is not part of a government or for-profit businesses

34
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

The rotation of the Earth which deflects objects and air moving along the earth’s surface

35
Q

Latent Heat

A

The heat required to turn a solid into a liquid or a liquid into gas without change in temperature

36
Q

Convection Column

A

vertical ring of column smoke, ashes and particulates caused by a fire

37
Q

Disaster Hotspot

A

A location which is at risk of experiencing two or more hazards

38
Q

Acid Rain

A

Acidic precipitation that has negative impacts on natural ecosystems and is associated with air
pollution.

39
Q

Convection Currents

A

The circular motions of upper mantle layers responsible for sea floor spreading and driven by
upwelling mantle material.

40
Q

Gravitational Sliding

A

The movement of tectonic plates as a result of gravity

41
Q

Island Arc

A

A linear chain of volcanic island associated with an ocean trench where subduction is taking
place.

42
Q

Lava Flow

A

Molten rock flowing on the surface. Acidic lava tends to be more viscous and solidifies nearer

43
Q

Liquefaction

A

Loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose cohesion and
behave as a liquid rather than a solid because of shaking during an earthquake.

44
Q

Lithosphere

A

The crust and upper mantle that form the outermost solid layers of the Earth.

45
Q

Magma Plume

A

A rising column of hot rock in the mantle.

46
Q

Magnitude

A

The overall strength or ‘size’ of a hazard.

47
Q

Multi-hazardous Environment

A

An environment prone to experiencing combinations of seismic, volcanic, atmospheric or
wildfire hazard.

48
Q

Ridge Push

A

A driving force for the movement of tectonic plates that occurs at mid-ocean ridges as a result
of gravitational forces causing downward movement away from the ridge.

49
Q

Rift Valley

A

A steep sided valley formed by the downward displacement of crust due to separation of
tectonic plates.

50
Q

Sea-Floor Spreading

A

The formation of a new oceanic crust which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its outward movement from such ridges.

51
Q

Seismicity

A

The processes associated with earthquakes in a given area. The frequency and intensity of
such processes.

52
Q

Shockwave

A

A wave of energy spreading outward from the focus of an earthquake.

53
Q

Slab Pull

A

A driving force for the movement of tectonic plates occurring at subduction zones as a result
of sinking of the crust there.

54
Q

Storm Surge

A

A temporary, localised rise in sea level as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and storm
wind direction.

55
Q

Wildfire

A

An uncontrolled fire occurring in open country or wilderness regions.

Geography (3 decks)

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