Natural Hazards Flashcards
Types of hazards
Volcano
Tsunami
Wildfires
Heatwaves
Avalanche
Hurricane
Flooding
Examples of geophysical hazards
Avalanche
Landslides
Mudflows
Lahar
Earthquake
Volcanic eruption
What does geophysical mean?
Physical processes, occurring on land
What does hydrological mean?
Relating to the study of water on earth
Examples of hydrological hazards
Flood
Tsunami
What does atmospheric mean
Relating to the air or to the atmosphere
Examples of atmospheric hazards
Tornado
Cyclonic storms
Wildfire
What does hazard risk mean?
The probability or chance that a natural hazard may occur
What does hazard perception mean?
The way in which you view the event of a hazard taking place (how dangerous)
Factors influencing hazard perception
Cultural factors
Economic factors
What is a hazard?
An event which poses a threat to human life or property
What is an earthquake?
The tectonic plates move suddenly and tension is released causing the ground to shake
What is a volcano?
A split in the crust where magma from the mantel fills the gap and comes up
What is hazard risk?
The probability of an event actually happening in a certain area
PARK MODEL
What are the 4 stages?
1) pre disaster (at normality)
2) relief (quality of life drops rapidly)- search and rescue
3) rehabilitation (recovering)- temporary housing and services
4) reconstruction (QOL going back to normal/better)- permanent rebuilding
What is the relief phrase
The immediate response, saving lives and property. Charities from outside the area help with search and rescue operations. Urgent supplies (medical, clothing, food, water)
What is the rehabilitation phrase?
May last for several months, efforts are made to restore physical and community structures
What is the reconstruction phrase?
Permanent changes are made to restore QOL and economic stability to the pre disaster level or higher, also reducing vulnerability
What may change the time it takes for a place to reach reconstruction after an event ?
Economic stability
Amount of helpers
Materials/building supplies available
If there is any other big expense for the place effected
What are the stages in the hazard management cycle? HRRPP
HAZARD EVENT
Response (e.g.rescue and evacuation )
Recovery (long term recovery: internal and reconstruction process)
Prevention/mitigation (ongoing process to lessen the severity of hazards on people or property
Preparation (actions prior to event to activate necessary resources
What is fatalism?
The fatalistic approach- experienced event and believe they can live through it again. Events become normal to them and they no longer fear them.
What is prediction ?
Knowing when and where a natural hazard will strike on a spatial and temporal scale that can be acted on
What is risk sharing?
Group of people dividing up objects/ belongings to reduce their responsibility over it
What is mitigation ?
Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the threat to property or human life as a result of a natural hazard. BUT it needs to be carried out through a cost benefit analysis to ensure it’s economically viable
What is management ?
It depends on the wealth of the nation e.g. money spent on warning systems, whereas LICs would just rely on basic weather reports. This greatly shows disparity how nations of different stages of development are able to manage hazard impacts
