Natural Hazards

Question 1

Types of hazards

Answer 1

Volcano
Tsunami
Wildfires
Heatwaves
Avalanche
Hurricane
Flooding

Question 2

Examples of geophysical hazards

Answer 2

Avalanche
Landslides
Mudflows
Lahar
Earthquake
Volcanic eruption

Question 3

What does geophysical mean?

Answer 3

Physical processes, occurring on land

Question 4

What does hydrological mean?

Answer 4

Relating to the study of water on earth

Question 5

Examples of hydrological hazards

Answer 5

Flood
Tsunami

Question 6

What does atmospheric mean

Answer 6

Relating to the air or to the atmosphere

Question 7

Examples of atmospheric hazards

Answer 7

Tornado
Cyclonic storms
Wildfire

Question 8

What does hazard risk mean?

Answer 8

The probability or chance that a natural hazard may occur

Question 9

What does hazard perception mean?

Answer 9

The way in which you view the event of a hazard taking place (how dangerous)

Question 10

Factors influencing hazard perception

Answer 10

Cultural factors
Economic factors

Question 11

What is a hazard?

Answer 11

An event which poses a threat to human life or property

Question 12

What is an earthquake?

Answer 12

The tectonic plates move suddenly and tension is released causing the ground to shake

Question 13

What is a volcano?

Answer 13

A split in the crust where magma from the mantel fills the gap and comes up

Question 14

What is hazard risk?

Answer 14

The probability of an event actually happening in a certain area

Question 15

PARK MODEL
What are the 4 stages?

Answer 15

1) pre disaster (at normality)
2) relief (quality of life drops rapidly)- search and rescue
3) rehabilitation (recovering)- temporary housing and services
4) reconstruction (QOL going back to normal/better)- permanent rebuilding

Question 16

What is the relief phrase

Answer 16

The immediate response, saving lives and property. Charities from outside the area help with search and rescue operations. Urgent supplies (medical, clothing, food, water)

Question 17

What is the rehabilitation phrase?

Answer 17

May last for several months, efforts are made to restore physical and community structures

Question 18

What is the reconstruction phrase?

Answer 18

Permanent changes are made to restore QOL and economic stability to the pre disaster level or higher, also reducing vulnerability

Question 19

What may change the time it takes for a place to reach reconstruction after an event ?

Answer 19

Economic stability
Amount of helpers
Materials/building supplies available
If there is any other big expense for the place effected

Question 20

What are the stages in the hazard management cycle? HRRPP

Answer 20

HAZARD EVENT
Response (e.g.rescue and evacuation )
Recovery (long term recovery: internal and reconstruction process)
Prevention/mitigation (ongoing process to lessen the severity of hazards on people or property
Preparation (actions prior to event to activate necessary resources

Question 21

What is fatalism?

Answer 21

The fatalistic approach- experienced event and believe they can live through it again. Events become normal to them and they no longer fear them.

Question 22

What is prediction ?

Answer 22

Knowing when and where a natural hazard will strike on a spatial and temporal scale that can be acted on

Question 23

What is risk sharing?

Answer 23

Group of people dividing up objects/ belongings to reduce their responsibility over it

Question 24

What is mitigation ?

Answer 24

Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the threat to property or human life as a result of a natural hazard. BUT it needs to be carried out through a cost benefit analysis to ensure it’s economically viable

Question 25

What is management ?

Answer 25

It depends on the wealth of the nation e.g. money spent on warning systems, whereas LICs would just rely on basic weather reports. This greatly shows disparity how nations of different stages of development are able to manage hazard impacts