Nationalist Movement Flashcards
What factors led to the growth if nationalism (3)?
Awakening of the indians to their great cultural heritage:
Western scholars like Max Mueller and William Jones translated the vedas and other indian literature into english. This made the indians aware of their rich cultural heritage. The work of brahmo samaj, arya samaj and etc awoke a feeling of pride in indians. They realized that they were in no way inferior to the europeans.
Exposure to western ideas of democracy n nationalism:
The British educated the indians in english for them to become clerks in the govt. This introduced them to the western ideas of democracy n nationalism. They were inspired by the freedom struggles in america and france. English became a common medium of exchange of ideas and thoughts for people from different parts of the country.
Better means of transport and communication:
The vernacular press act?
- It forbade any provocative writings in regional language against the british govt.
Ilbert bill?
- It provided that a british living in india could be tried by an indian judge. It aimed at establishing equality between the english n indian judges.
Who founded INC and when?
Allan Octavian Hume in 1885.
Founding of INC?
It was founded by Allan Octavian Hume who was a retired british civil servant in 1885.
It was a safety valve for indians to ventilate their grievances.
Prominent leaders were dadabhai naoroji, pherozeshah mehta and dinshaw wadia.
Its aims were to bring all the political organizations together, reduction of taxes and greater representation in the provincial govt.
Who were the moderates?
Most of the INC members were indians who had faith that the british would redress their grievances. They aimed at friendly associations with the british. They wanted the british to teach them in the art of self government.
Members:
Surendranath Banerjee
Pherozeshah Mehta
Dadabhai Naoroji
Who were the Radicals?
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai realized the futility of petitioning the british. They wanted complete swaraj or self-rule and believed in adopting stronger measures to achieve freedom.
Members:
Bipin chandra pal
Who were the revolutionaries?
The anti-partition movement in bengal lead to the british govt imprisoning thousands of swadeshi workers, students and normal people. 9 nationalist leaders were deported. This lead to the rise of the revolutionaries.
They were drawn to more violent means of protest, They believed in using force to achieve freedom n killed british. On being caught they were given death penalty.
Khudiram Bose
Prafulla Chaki
Bhikaji Cama
Who partitioned bengal and when?
Lord curzon in 1905
Partition of Bengal?
Lord Curzon was the GG of india. He wanted to suppress the movement of the radicals so he partitioned bengal in 1905 which was the stronghold of congress.
He aimed to weaken INC and divide hindus and muslims. INC reacted by showing protest
Obj of INC was changed from what to what?
Attainment of Self rule to Attainment of the status of a self governing dominion for india under the British empire
Split in congress?
- Due to the differences between the moderates and the radicals.
The moderates took swaraj as an increased role for indians in the british administration and did not support the boycott movement as it would ruin british relations where as the
Radicals took swaraj to mean complete freedom and wanted to stop western education but the moderates were against it.
morley-minto reforms was also known as what?
India councils act 1909
Morley-minto reforms?
Lord curzon was brought back to india n made viceroy. Minto with the help of John Morley secretary of state for england drew up a plan to win back the goodwill of the indians.
Features?
No. of members in the imperial legislative council was icnreased.
Indians could be members of the provincial legislative council.
Separate electorates were introduced for muslims.
This was all a policy of british’s divide and rule.
This sowed the seeds of division b/w hindu n muslims
When was muslim league formed n who?
1906 by Aga Khan
