circulatory system Flashcards
The heart is enclosed in what? and what does that contain?
It is enclosed in a double walled sac called the pericardium. The pericardial fluid is found between the heart wall and the pericardium. It protects the heart from shocks and jerks during contraction.
right and left sides of the heart are separated by what?
Septum
Name the valves.
Tricuspid - 3 cusps
Bicuspid - 2 cusps
Aortic semilunar valve - left ventricle and aorta
Pulmonary semilunar valve - right ventricle and pulmonary artery
What is SAN?
The contraction and relaxation of the heart occur as a result of an electrical impulse which originates in the Sino Atrial Node. It is located in the wall of the right auricle. Pacemaker.
The impulse of the heartbeat starts here.
coronary vein and artery?
coronary artery carries blood to heart muscles and vein carries blood from heart muscles.
What is double circulation?
Double circulation is when the blood enters the heart twice in one cardiac cycle.
Pulmonary circulation -
The right auricle receives deoxy blood from the vena cavas and transports it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. This blood is then carried to the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve. The deoxy blood is carried to the lungs from the pulmonary artery. The blood gets oxygenated in the lungs.
Systemic circulation -
The oxygenated blood is transported to the left auricle by the pulmonary vein. This is carried to the left ventricle by the bicuspid valve and into the aorta by the aortic semilunar valve. From the aorta the blood is carried to all body parts except lungs and this deoxy blood is carried by the vena cava again into the right auricle.
Cardiac cycle?
It is the contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Antibodies and antigens?
Antigen is the foreign substances which stimulate the production of antibodies.
Antibodies are chemical substances synthesized by the body to destroy antigens.
Palpitation?
It is the rapid forceful breathing of the heart. Reasons are danger or tension or vigorous exercises.
Cardiac arrest?
It is the complete stoppage of the heart’s activity. This is because the blood supply to the heart gets blocked and a part of the cardiac muscle becomes none functional which causes damage to the heart.
Caused by deposition of cholesterol and calcium on the walls of arteries.
Heart attack is the interrupted blood supply to the heart due to the presence of blood clots in heart vessels.
Lymphatic system does the transport of substances like waste, CO2, debris and etc
What is the lymphatic system made of?
Lymph - is the tissue fluid in the lymphatic vessels. Contains lipids and proteins.
Lymph nodes - filter bacteria and cell debris.
Lymphatic vessels - is the tubular structure part of this system.
Composition of lymph?
Contains WBC but not RBC.
Pale and clear.
Has leucocytes.
no platelets.
94% of water.
