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Political Ideologies A2 > Nationalism > Flashcards

Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nationalism by definition?

A

The belief that the nation is, or should be the central principle of political organisation.

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2
Q

What is the textbook definition of a Nation?

A

A group of people who have colletive goals based on common circumstances of birth or collective national identity

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3
Q

What are the three different determinants of a nation in Nationalism?

A

Cultural Factors
Psychological Factors
Political Factors

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4
Q

What are some examples of Cultural aspects of a Nation?

A

Commonality of;

  • Religion
  • Historical Experience
  • Language
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5
Q

Explain the psychological aspect of a Nation

A

Shared/collective loyalty. (Hard to objectively pinpoint). links to patriotism.

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6
Q

Explain the political aspect of a Nation

A
  • Citizenship of a nation-state, or a collective nationality that aspire to statehood
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7
Q

What aspects of nationality are inclusive/exclusive?

A
  • Cultural is Exclusive

- Psychological and Political are Inclusive

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8
Q

What is a state? (Nationalism)

A

A political institution that establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined territorial borders and exercises authority with legitimate use of force

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9
Q

What are the main differences between states and nations?

A
  • Define a Nation, then Define a State.

- Nations are not real, States are.

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10
Q

What is a nation-state?

A

A form of political organisation where citizenship and nationality are mutually inclusive. Everyone from one nation in one state.

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11
Q

What is a quote by ‘Mazzini’ to describe nation-states?

A

‘Every nation a state, only one state for the entire nation’

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12
Q

What is the practical problem of nation states?

A

-Due to globalisation and things like freedom of movement, few states are purely nation states and have many people from other nations

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13
Q

Define patriotism (Nationalism Topic)

A

emotional attachment to or love of ones country. The psychological basis for national identity.

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14
Q

Define Race (Nationalism Topic)

A

A genetic or biological categorization of a people based on common ancestry and shared inherited genetic traits.

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15
Q

Why are nations and states often confused?

A
  • There is overlap. Nations have a political aspect to them (aspiration to statehood), and states are often nation states, so referring to one often means referring to the other as well
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16
Q

What are the different important types of nationalism?

A
  • Liberal Nationalism
  • Conservative Nationalism
  • Expansionist Nationalism
  • Post Colonial Nationalism/Socialist Nationalism
17
Q

Explain Liberal Nationalism

A
  • Opposed to colonialism and multinational empire. Nations should be ‘free’
  • Believe in equal rights to self-determination
  • Nation States are important
18
Q

What is a quote by J.S. Mill about the ultimate goal of liberal nationalism?

A

‘The boundaries of government should coincide in the main with those of that nationality’

19
Q

Why is equal rights to self determination key to liberal nationalists for global harmony and peace?

A

-Nation states recognition of their equal right to self-determination means they would not wage war to conquer other territories

20
Q

Explain Conservative Nationalism?

A
  • National identity is key for social cohesion
  • Aspect of Organic Society, harmony because everyone is the same nation
  • Defence of traditional national institutions (Nation is a cultural concept)
21
Q

What are criticisms of Conservative Nationalism?

A
  • Leads to bigotry and intolerance due to belief in national superiority
  • It’s a construct used by the elite to control the masses e.g. propaganda in war time
22
Q

Explain the key points of Expansionist Nationalism

A
  • Based on nationalistic superiority and conquering other nations (Chauvinism)
  • Not all nations are equal, dont get self-determination
  • Link to Darwinism, Natural Selection
23
Q

Explain Anti-Colonialist nationalism

A
  • Same as Liberal Nationalism in right ot Self Determination

- Rejects western political systems of colonialism and western economics, so turns to Socialism.

24
Q

What is internationalism?

A

-Looking beyond the nation to seek to construct supranational intstitutions

25
Q

Why Liberals need Internationalism

A
  • Individuals need a state, Nation-states, like individuals, need a conflict regulating body (but limited. Social contract theory)
  • Nation-states may not respect individual freedoms and need to be stopped
26
Q

Why do Marxists need internationalism?

A

Marxism is naturally internationalist. Working class spans across national boundaries, and nationalism is false consciousness to support the desires of the ruling class

27
Q

What is ‘Forward Looking’ in terms of Nationalism?

A

Doctrines and ideas which seek to bring about progress in the sense of improving living conditions and circumstances

28
Q

What is ‘Backward Looking’ in terms of Nationalism?

A

Ideas which are reactionary, in the sense that they are constructed on the basis of a historical model of the nation, with tradition being one of the key features of national identity.

29
Q

In what ways is Nationalism forward looking?

A
  • Anti Colonial and Liberal Nationalists seeking to regain self-determination by fighting off multinational oppression
  • Expansionists seeking future conquests and domination
30
Q

In what ways is Nationalism backwards looking?

A

Conservatives look at tradition as a big part of national identity, and common historical experience.

Expansionists define their value based on the successes of past conquests

31
Q

Distinguish between a nation and a race

A

-Nation is psychological and cultural where race is biological/genetic

32
Q

Why are nations and races commonly confused?

A
  • Chauvinist Nationalists see race as a key determinant of nation identity. (e.g. Nazism and Aryans)
33
Q

In what ways is nationalism necessarily expansionist and aggressive?

A
  • World is divided into nations of people who think they are better than other nations
  • E.g. Expansionist Nationalism, Chauvinism, Conservative Nationalism
34
Q

In what ways is nationalism not necessarily expansionist and aggressive?

A
  • Liberal and Socialist/Post-Colonial Nationalism

- Nationalism = Global peace due to universal self determination

35
Q

Distinguish between political nationalism and cultural nationalism.

A
  • Political = Aspiration to statehood, self-determination. Inclusive
  • Cultural = Nation is based on language, religion, traditions, etc. Exclusive.
36
Q

Explain the main features of cultural nationalism

A
  • Regeneration of nation as a distinctive civilisation through protection of language, religion, culture, etc.
  • Nation is a unique historical and organic whole

Political Ideologies A2 (6 decks)

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