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Political Ideologies A2 > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core tenets of Feminism?

A
  • Patriarchy
  • Otherness
  • Gender
  • Equality
  • Liberation
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2
Q

How can you define Patriarchy?

A

A system of institutionalised discrimination against women by men

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3
Q

Explain Feminist belief in ‘Otherness’

A

Women are not just biologically different from men, but also psychologically, culturally, etc.

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4
Q

What do Feminists think of Gender? (Give Liberal and Radical Views)

A

It’s a social construct.
Liberals: Women should be able to choose to follow gender roles
Radical: Gender needs to be eliminated

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5
Q

What do Liberals/Radical Feminists think about Equality?

A

Liberals; Equal access to education, public office and all positions in the economic structure
Radicals: Women should get more rights. (i.e. Lesbian Separatists)

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6
Q

What do Liberal/Difference/Marxist Feminists think about forms of Liberation?

A

Liberal: Women develop collective consciousness and break away from male cultural hegemony
Marxist: Liberation comes with the downfall of capitalism
Difference: Acceptance of power in difference and ‘womanness’

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7
Q

Explain Radical Feminism

A
  • Patriarchy meta-narrative (Society is macrocosm of patriarchal family)
  • Sexual inequality causes all other forms of inequality
  • Gender =/= Sex
  • Relations between men and women are always oppressive and epxloitative
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8
Q

Explain Liberal Feminism

A
  • Believes the state shouldn’t have any control over women’s lives
  • e.g. Equal rights, legal abortion, contraception, divorce, etc.
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9
Q

Explain Marxist Feminism

A

Gender inequality is related to capitalism

  • Housewives are exploited labour. ‘Sexual Division of Labour’ benefits capitalism.
  • Patriarchy is due to private property (Engels: Men passing on their property to their sons)
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10
Q

Explain Ecofeminism in 3 points

A
  • Male dominating culture is the reason for all environmental damage
  • Women are caring and nurturing, men are cold and dominating
  • Environmental Disaster solved by women withdrawing from corrupt patriarchies and forming matriarchal societies
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11
Q

Explain Postmodern Feminism

A

No grand narrative. Trying to explain gender inequality through abstract theory is impossible because theories are made as a result of cultural/social/economic landscape of when they were made which is always changing

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12
Q

Explain whether different branches of Feminism are multi-causal or mono-causal

A
  • Radical; Mono
  • Liberal; Mono
  • Marxist; Mono
  • PoMo; Multi
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13
Q

Explain the method of achieving Radical Feminist Goals

A

Revolutionary: Structure of society must be changed to get rid of the concept of gender

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14
Q

Explain the method of achieving Liberal Feminist Goals

A

Reformist: Campaigning for legal change to give Women completely equal rights and prevent government controlling women more than men

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15
Q

Explain the method of achieving Marxist Feminist Goals

A

Revolutionary: Downfall of capitalism, uprising of marxist society

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16
Q

Explain the method of achieving Postmodern Feminist Goals

A

Every method is specific to the context. Some may be Reformist, some may be Revolutionary

17
Q

Explain ‘Personal is Political’ as a radical feminist idea

A
  1. female oppression operates in all walks of life,
    public and private, and in many respects originates in the family itself
  2. the public/private divide conceals
    aspects of female oppression such as the failure to recognise the significance of
    domestic work carried out by women in the home
18
Q

What ideologies are feminism most compatible with?

A

Liberalism and Socialism

19
Q

Why is Feminism compatible with liberalism?

A
  • Individualism; Everyone gets equal rights

- Rationalism; people judged on character not sex

20
Q

Why is feminism compatible with socialism?

A

Marxist Feminism; Link between capitalism and sexual inequality

21
Q

Why do radical feminists think that feminism is not compatible with any other ideology?

A
  • Other ideologies do not recognise Gender as THE meta-narrative
  • Liberalism is too reformist
  • Socialism is too focused on class, not sex.
22
Q

Why is Feminism not compatible with conservatism?

A
  • Equal rights requires change. Conservatives oppose change.

- Gender roles are Traditional. Tradition is good to Conservatives.

23
Q

Summarise the ways that Feminism is defined by the quest for gender equality

A
  • Transcending difference and gender
  • Seeking to eliminate gender
  • Seeking legal equality
24
Q

Summarise the ways that Feminism is NOT defined by the quest for gender equality

A

-Difference Feminism; liberation comes from recognition of differences

25
Q

What are the two ideas that unit all branches of feminism?

A
  • Women are disadvantaged as a result of their sex

- That disadvantage can and SHOULD be overthrown

26
Q

What are the ways in which feminism as a whole has deep divisions within branches?

A
  • Different ideas of the cause/meta-narrative of women’s subjugation/sexual inequality between Liberal, Radical and Socialist Feminists
  • Opposition between Difference Feminists (Lesbos Separate) and Equality Feminists (Equal rights)
  • Post Modern Feminism just disagrees with all of them
27
Q

In what sense have radical feminists sought to redefine the nature of politics?

A
  • Redifining what counts as political (Personal is Political)
  • Politics = Power Structured Relationships
28
Q

What is the relevance of radical feminists defining politics as power-structured relationships?

A

The oppression of women in the private sphere is political because men dominate women

29
Q

How does the sexual division of labour benefit capitalism, according to Marxist feminists?

A
  • Women are ‘reserve army of labour’
  • Relieves men of child-rearing and housework, so men can focus on their job
  • Gives men incentive to work, to take care of wife and kids
30
Q

In what ways do radical and liberal feminists have things in common?

A
  • Both are ‘Equality Feminists’

- Both want to overthrow the disadvantage to women as a result of their sex

31
Q

In what ways does radical feminism fundamentally oppose liberal feminism?

A 
-Liberal = Legal reform VS
Radical = Consciousness changing
- Liberals = equality in public sphere
VS. Radicals = 'Personal is Political'
- Radicals = Gender affects everything VS. Liberals = Gender affects rights/opportunities/etc.
32
Q

Why have some feminists criticised gender equality?

A
  • Equality necessarily encourages women to be ‘like men’ which perpetuates oppression
  • Based on androgyny which conceals deep differences between genders
  • Goal of feminism is emancipation, not equality (You go girl!)

Political Ideologies A2 (6 decks)

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