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4th year Physics > National 4 EE > Flashcards

National 4 EE Flashcards

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1
Q

What are our main sources of energy?

A

Fossil fuels: coal, oil and gas.

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2
Q

What does FINITE mean when describing fossil fuels?

A

It means that the fossil fuels will eventually run out and take a long time to form.

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3
Q

What are the main sources of renewable energy?

A 
Solar
Wind
Waves
Tidal
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Biomass
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4
Q

What are the main sources of non-renewable energy?

A 
Coal
Oil
Gas
Peat
Nuclear
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5
Q

What is an advantage of renewable energy sources?

A

They will never run out because they are renewable.

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6
Q

What is an advantage of non-renewable energy sources?

A

Produce a lot of energy.

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7
Q

What is a transformer?

A

A device that can change the size of an ac voltage. It can either increase or decrease the size of a voltage.

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8
Q

Describe the structure of a transformer.

A

Consists of two seperate coils of wire wound in the same iron core.

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9
Q

What equation describes the relationship between the voltage and the number of turns for the primary and secondary coils of the transformer?

A

Secondary Voltage/ Primary Voltage= Secondary Number of Turns/ Primary Number of Turns

or Vs/ Vp= Ns/ Np

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10
Q

What equation should be used to calculate efficiency?

A

Efficiency= Output/ Input (Power or Energy)

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11
Q

What happens to the voltage when a coil wire is moved within a magnetic field?

A

There is induced voltage when the wire moves up and down between the poles.

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12
Q

What factors affect the size of an induced voltage when a wire is moved within a magnetic field?

A

Moving the wire faster between the poles of the magnet
Using a stronger magnet
Use more conductor eg. make a few turns of the conductor.

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13
Q

How are electrons arranged in a conductor?

A

The electrons are free to move throughout the structure.

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14
Q

How are electrons arranged in insulators?

A

The electrons are tightly bound and cannot move.

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15
Q

What is the electric current in an electrical circuit?

A

The flow of electrons around a circuit. (the greater the flow, the greater the current)

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16
Q

Describe a series circuit.

A

When components are connected in line, it is said to be connected in series.

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17
Q

What is the unit of current?

A

Amperes (A)

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18
Q

What is the current at different points in a series circuit?

A

The same as the current from the battery.

A1= A2= A3

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19
Q

Describe a parallel circuit.

A

When components are connected so that there is more than one path for the current, it is said to be connected in parallel.

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20
Q

What is current like in a parallel circuit?

A

The sum of currents through each component in a parallel circuit, adds up to the current which flows from the supply
A= A1+ A2

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21
Q

What is the voltage in an electrical circuit?

A

The electrical energy supplied by the battery to make the electrons move around the circuit.

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22
Q

What is the unit of voltage?

A

Volts (V)

23
Q

What is voltage like in a series circuit?

A

The sum of voltages across each component in a series circuit adds up to the supply voltage
V= V1+ V2

24
Q

What is the voltage at different points in a parallel circuit?

A

The same as the supply voltage.

V1= V2= V3

25
Q

What is resistance in an electrical current?

A

The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit

26
Q

What is the unit of electrical resistance?

A

Ohms (Ω)

27
Q

What are some factors that affect resistance?

A

Type of material- the better the conductor, the lower the resistance
Length of material- the longer, the higher the resistance
Thickness of material- the thicker, the lower the resistance
Temperature of material- (usually) the higher, the higher the resistance

28
Q

What happens to the current in a circuit when resistance in the circuit changes?

A

If resistance increases, the current decreases.

29
Q

What is the equation to calculate the resistance? (Ohm’s Law)

A 
Resistance= voltage/ current 
R= V/I
30
Q

What are some practical applications of a variable resistance?

A

Light dimmer controls
Volume and brightness controls
Speed controls on electric motors

31
Q

What energy transformations take place in electrical appliances?

A

Electrical energy—-> other form of energy

32
Q

What is the unit of energy?

A

Joules (J)

33
Q

What is the power rating of an appliance measured as?

A

The number of joules of energy it transforms per second

34
Q

What is the unit of electrical power?

A

Watts (W)

35
Q

What is the equation involving energy, power and time?

A 
Energy= power x time 
E= P x t
36
Q

What are the three parts of an electronic system? (in order)

A

The input, the process, the output

37
Q

What are examples of input devices?

A

Thermistor
LDR
Switch

38
Q

What is the energy change in a microphone?

A

Sound energy—-> Electrical energy

39
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor with changes in temperature?

A

High temperature- Low resistance

Low temperature- High resistance

40
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR with changes in light levels?

A

Bright- Low resistance

Dark- High resistance

41
Q

What are appropriate input devices for given applications?

A

Microphone- loudspeaker
Thermistor- heating system
LDR- automatic lamp
Switch- lighting circuit

42
Q

What is the energy change in an output device?

A

Electrical energy—–> another form of energy

43
Q

What are some examples of output devices?

A 
Loudspeaker
Buzzer
Lamp
LED 
Electric motor
44
Q

What are appropriate output devices for given applications?

A

Loudspeaker- radio
Buzzer- smoke alarm
LED- warning light
Motor- fan

45
Q

How do you draw a NOT gate?

A

Triangle with a small circle and one line at each side.

46
Q

How do you draw an AND gate?

A

Semi circle, two lines at the left side (input) and one at the right side (output).

47
Q

How do you draw an OR gate?

A

Weird curved shape with two at the left and one on the right.

48
Q

What does the truth table for a NOT gate look like?

A

Input Output
0 1
1 0

49
Q

What does the truth table for an AND gate look like?

A 
Input A    B      Output
0               0          0 
0                1          0
1                 0         0
1                 1           1
50
Q

What does the truth table for an OR gate look like?

A 
Input A    B      Output
0               0           0
0                1           1
1                0           1
1                 1           1
51
Q

Describe solids in terms of the arrangement and movement of the particles.

A

Particles are arranged very close together and vibrate (move) in the one spot.

52
Q

Describe liquids in terms of the arrangement and movement of the particles.

A

Particles are arranged close together and they swap places with their nearest neighbouring particles.

53
Q

Describe gases in terms of the arrangement and movement of the particles.

A

Particles are arranged far apart and they move very fast/ randomly in all directions.

4th year Physics (14 decks)

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