Nation States and state nations Flashcards
State
This is a political and administrative setup concerned with exercising authority. Juridical concept.
Nationalism
An awareness or feeling of membership of a bigger group (Rejai and Enloe 1969). Awareness that you belong somewhere.
Nationalism refers to the awareness of membership in a nation, together with a desire to achieve, maintain and perpetuate the identity, integrity and prosperity of that nation.
Nationalism in Nation-states
Nationalism in State-Nations tends to be elitist and officially sponsored, whereas in nation-states it tends to be mass and to some extent spontaneous.
Can Nations and States exist without each other
One can exist without the other, for example Kurds, Balochis as nations without states, Pakistan state without a nation, the map was carved by western officials, they divided existing identities/nations.
Formative nationalism
Formative nationalism is the idea of nation building, nationalist movements are directed towards creating a new nation. Asian and African countries have involved in this in order to form their own nation.
Expansive nationalism
Expansive nationalism happens when you believe that your nation and identity is superior to others and you have a duty to expand your identity. The glorification of a nation therefore spills over its own territorial boundaries, conquest of other countries and anexation of other lands. For example the ambitions of Nazi Germany. d
Presitge nationalism
Prestige nationalism is the idea of nation-aggrandizing, increasing the power, prestige and status of a nation that already exists.
Karl W.Deutsch
Karl W.Deutsch wrote that nationalism can only exist among people who share certain habits and facilities of communication
Difference between nationalist ideology and nationalist movement, the former refers to self conscious attitudes and feelings towards the nation, a psychological condition in which ones highest loyalty is to their nation, the latter suggests social and political processes that seek to fulfill these attitudes and feelings.
State natons and nation states
The idea of ‘nation’ and ‘state’ is the relationship between national identity and political autonomy and between national integration and political sovreignity.
For example in many developed countries they developed a sense of national identity developing prior to the creation of political authority structures, on the other hand in many less developed countries the sequence is reversed. Authority and sovereignity have run ahead of self conscious national identity and cultural integration.
Europe has produced nation states and Asia and Africa has produced state nations.
Nation states
‘When the boundaries of the state are approximately coterminous with those ofthe nation, this results in a nation state’. (Rejai and Enloe 1969)
A nation should define its own form of government to facilitate its well being in the wider world.
State Nations
State nations, most of the world are not nation states, but have been artificially drawn on the map, for example the southern border of Egypt.
Political integration first, cultural integration second, a cultural identity is built from scratch, artificially by the state.
For example in the middle east they are all Arab nations, the Qatari state was created and in turn the population were named as the Qatari people.
State nations are more prone to violence and conflict, more divide and unhappiness about borders.
Treaty of westphalia
The world is composed of 195 sovereign states. These are considered to be the most optimal forms of political organization for human beings, compared to a tribal system, empire or feudal system.
The treaty of Westphalia 1648 after the 30 years war gave birth to sovereign states, this was seen as a way out of lawlessness and chaos.
Sovereignity
Sovereign states has territory, a set number of population or people, the rulers/government decides the destiny of the people in these states. They agreed on non-inteference in the name of religion and ideology.
Sovereignty and non-interference are the key principles of the international state lanscape, article 2 and 4 of the UN charter. ‘Prohibition of threat or use of force in international relations’ and ‘calls members to respect territory and sovereignity of other nations’.
Rest of the world
This idea worked for Europe, they became nation-states as a result, however this does not necessarily mean a one-size fits all strategy will work for everyone.
Empires, British, Spanish, French were very keen to divide countries and rule, for example in Africa, and when this happend it divided existing identities, this created state nations as a result.
‘A house divided against itself cannot stand’ Abraham Lincoln, this was the aftermath of these states post empires. This is why we can now say that most of the world is composed of state nations.
Consequences of Westphalia and Coloniolism
Dificulties with governance, coexistance is difficult and therefore there is alot of conflict, division and problems. They all have different identities.
New governments lack legitimacy, when the imperial powers left the dominant groups inside filled the vacuum, for example panjabis took over in Pakistan, conflict was the result. Sri Lankan civil war, no one had legitimacy to rule.
