Nat5 Biology Unit One Cell Biology Key Area 6 Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
When energy is released during the breakdown of glucose.
Chemical energy stored in glucose is released by all cels through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions
What can ATP be used for?
Muscle cell contraction,Cel division, Protein synthesis and Transmission of nerve impulses and Active transport
What can glucose be broken down into?
What if oxygen is present?
2 pyruvate molecules that releases enough energy to make 2 molecules of ATP
Then aerobic respiration takes place and each pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide and water releasing enough energy to create a large number of ATP molecules
What occurs if oxygen isn’t present during respiration?
Fermentation
What occurs if oxygen isn’t present during respiration in an animal cell?
The pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate
Produces two molecules of ATP
What occurs if oxygen isn’t present during respiration in a plant or yeast cell?
The pyruvate molecules are converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol
Produces two molecules of ATP
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
Without oxygen (plant and yeast cells)
Glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy (2ATP)
Without oxygen (animals cells)
Glucose -> lactate + energy (2ATP)
Where does respiration begin?
The cytoplasm
Where is fermentation completed?
Cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration start and finish?
The mitochondria
If a cell needs more energy it will have…
More mitochondria
