Nat5 Biology Unit One Cell Biology Key Area 3 DNA and the production of proteins

Question 1

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

A double stranded helix

Question 2

How are the DNA strands held together?

Answer 2

Complementary base pairs

Question 3

What does DNA do?

Answer 3

It carries the genetic information for making proteins

Question 4

What do the four bases make up?

Answer 4

The genetic code- DNA

Question 6

What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?

Answer 6

Adenine,Thymine,Cytosine,Guanine

A,T,C,G

Question 7

What bases are paired together?

Answer 7

A&T

C&G

Question 8

What do the base sequences determine?

Answer 8

The amino acids sequence in the proteins

Question 9

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 11

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 11

A molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids

Question 12

How is more DNA made?

Answer 12

mRNA

A complementary base sequence from the nucleus is carried by mRNA
The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Depending on what the base sequence on the mRNA is, different AMINO ACIDS will line up and bond together to form a long chain of Polypeptide
The specific order of Amino Acids causes the Polypeptide to fold up in a particular way, creating its final functional 3D shape
A different order of bases would result in a different sequence of amino acids whisk would have a different final shape; and this is how all the variety of proteins is achieved