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NASM CPT > NASM Unit 6 > Flashcards

NASM Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the Overhead Squat assessment?

A

Height of a chair

Golgi tendon organs

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2
Q

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

Muscle Spindles

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3
Q

What are the four skin-fold sites tested when using the Durnin-Womersley formula for body fat assessment?

A

Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest

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4
Q

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.

A

Mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

What is the waist-to-hip ratio for males and females that puts them at a greater risk for disease?

A

A ratio greater than 0.95 for males and greater than 0.80 for females

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6
Q

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

A

Golgi tendon organs

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7
Q

On which clients should health and fitness professionals avoid the use of skin-fold calipers to measure body fat?

A

Very overweight clients

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8
Q

What is the amount of time recovery pulse is taken after completing the YMCA 3- Minute Step Test?

A

Within 5 seconds of completing the exercise, take the client’s pulse for 60 seconds

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9
Q

Risk for disease increases when an overweight person’s BMI level is____.

A

25 or greater

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10
Q

Muscles that assist the prime movers.

A

Synergists

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11
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.

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12
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.

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13
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Receptors sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

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14
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

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15
Q

Epimysium

A

A layer of connective tissues that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscles.

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16
Q

Perimysium

A

The connective tissues that surrounds fascicles.

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17
Q

Endomysium

A

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

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18
Q

Step 1 of Steps in Initiation of a Contraction

A

ACh released, binding to receptors

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19
Q

Type 1 Muscle Fibers - Slow Twitch

A
  • More capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin
  • Increase oxygen delivery
  • Smaller in size
  • Less force produced
  • Slow to fatigue
  • Long-term contractions (stabilization)
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20
Q

Type II - Fast Twitch

A
  • Fewer capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin
  • Decreased oxygen delivery
  • Larger in size
  • More force produced
  • Quick to fatigue
  • Short-term contractions (stabilization)
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21
Q

Bioenergetics

A

The study of energy in the human body.

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22
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

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23
Q

Exercise Metabolism

A

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

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24
Q

Substrates

A

The material or substances on which an enzyme acts.

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25
Q

Carbs

A

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which includes starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbs are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

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26
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar, manufactured in the body by carbs, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

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27
Q

Glycogen

A

The complex carb molecule used to store carbs in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscles.

28
Q

Fat

A

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats: saturated and unsaturated.

29
Q

Triglycerides

A

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

30
Q

Protein

A

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually a sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

31
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

The formation of glucose from noncarb sources, such as amino acids.

32
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

33
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate

A

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed.

34
Q

B-Oxidation

A

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

35
Q

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption

A

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

36
Q

Biomechanics

A

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

37
Q

Superior

A

Positioned above a point of reference.

38
Q

Inferior

A

Positioned below a point of reference

39
Q

Proximal

A

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

40
Q

Distal

A

Positioned farther from the center of the body, or point of reference.

41
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

On the front of the body.

42
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

On the back of the body.

43
Q

Medial

A

Positioned near the middle of the body.

44
Q

Lateral

A

Positioned toward the outside of the body.

45
Q

Contralateral

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

46
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Positioned on the same side of the body.

47
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position of the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.

48
Q

Sagittal plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

49
Q

Flexion

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

50
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

51
Q

Frontal Plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

52
Q

Abduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline away from the body.

53
Q

Adduction

A

Movement in the front plane back toward the midline of the body.

54
Q

Transverse Plane

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

55
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.

56
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

57
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

58
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plan from a lateral position to an anterior position.

59
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when muscle develops tension while lengthening.

60
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when a muscle exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

61
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

62
Q

Isokinetic Muscle Action

A

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full of motion.

63
Q

Force

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

64
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation.

65
Q

Muscle Synergies

A

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

66
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

Stabilization in a challenging environment.

NASM CPT (13 decks)

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