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NASM CPT > NASM Unit 2 > Flashcards

NASM Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s arms fall forward during an Overhead Squat Assessment?

A

Middle/lower trapezius, rhomboids, rotator cuff

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2
Q

What is an indicator that a female client’s ankle complex will be in a plantar flexed position for extended periods of time based on occupation?

A

Wearing dress shoes (high heels)

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3
Q

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable underactive muscles if a client’s feet turn out?

A

Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring complex, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

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4
Q

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the low back arches?

A

Hip flexor complex, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

During a Pushing assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when a client’s shoulders elevate and/or the head moves forward?

A

Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and levator scapulae

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6
Q

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when there is an excessive forward lean?

A

Soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal complex

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7
Q

Name the class of medication that decreases heart rate and blood pressure.

A

Beta-blockers

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8
Q

Name three postural distortion patterns that might be seen during a static postural assessment.

A

Pronation distortion syndrome, lower crossed syndrome, upper crossed syndrome

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9
Q

What are the probable underactive muscles when a client’s knees move inward during an Overhead Squat Assessment?

A

Gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique

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10
Q

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what are the probable overactive muscles when the client’s arms fall forward?

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor

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11
Q

Biomechanics

A

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

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12
Q

Anatomic Locations - Superior

A

Positioned ABOVE a point of reference.

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13
Q

Anatomic Locations - Inferior

A

Positioned BELOW a point of reference.

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14
Q

Anatomic Locations - Proximal

A

Positioned NEAREST THE CENTER of the body, or point of reference.

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15
Q

Anatomic Locations - Distal

A

Positioned FARTHEST FROM THE CENTER of the body, or point of reference.

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16
Q

Anatomic Locations - Anterior (ventral)

A

On the FRONT of the body.

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17
Q

Anatomic Locations - Posterior (dorsal)

A

On the BACK of the body.

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18
Q

Anatomic Locations - Medial

A

Positioned NEAR THE MIDDLE of the body.

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19
Q

Anatomic Locations - Lateral

A

Positioned TOWARD THE OUTSIDE of the body.

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20
Q

Anatomic Locations - Contralateral

A

Positioned ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE of the body.

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21
Q

Anatomic Locations - Ipsilateral

A

Positioned ON THE SAME SIDE of the body.

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22
Q

Anatomic Position

A

The position of the body erect with arms at the sides and the palms forward.

This position is important because it serves as a point of reference for anatomic nomenclature.

Anatomic terms such as anterior, posterior, medial and lateral, abduction, and adduction apply to the body in this position.

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23
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

(A plane) dividing the body into left and right halves.

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24
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases (comes closer together).

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25
Q

Extension

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases (moves apart).

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26
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

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27
Q

Frontal Plane

A

(A plane) dividing the body into front and back.

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28
Q

Transverse Plane

A

(A plane) dividing the body into top and bottom (head to toe… ceiling and floor).

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29
Q

Abduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane plane away from the midline of the body

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30
Q

Adduction

A

A movement in the frontal plane toward the midline of the body.

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31
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body. (Shoulder shrug).

32
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a joint from the middle of the body.

33
Q

Horizontal (Transverse Plane) Abduction

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.

34
Q

Horizontal (Transverse Plane) Adduction

A

Movement of the arm of thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.

35
Q

Scapular Retraction (Awkward smelly armpits)

A

Adduction of scapula (squeezing the shoulder blades together by pushing your shoulders/arms back), shoulder blades move towards the midline.

36
Q

Scapular Protraction (T-Rex Arms)

A

Abduction of scapula (rounded back, bring arms close together), shoulder blades move away from the midline.

37
Q

Scapular Depression

A

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula.

38
Q

Scapular Elevation

A

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula.

39
Q

Isotonic – Eccentric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthen. (Coming down from the rep in a bicep curl).

40
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

AKA: When a person pauses between lifting and lowering phases.

41
Q

Isokinetic Muscle Action

A

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

AKA: The harder a person pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel.

42
Q

Isotonic – Concentric Muscle Action

A

Exerting a force greater than the resistance (dumbbell) to lift it, resulting in shortening of the muscle. (Pulling the dumbbell into a curl in a bicep curl).

43
Q

Force

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

44
Q

Length-Tension Relationship

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

45
Q

Force-Couple

A

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

46
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation.

47
Q

Muscle Synergies

A

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

Common muscle synergies are the shoulder press and squat.

48
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

49
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Obtain exercise or health guidelines from a physician, physical therapist, or registered dietician.
  • Follow national consensus guidelines of exercise prescription for medical disorders.
  • Screen clients for exercise limitations.
  • Identify potential risk factors for clients through screening procedures.
  • Refer clients who experience difficulty or pain or exhibit other symptoms to a qualified medical practitioner.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT diagnose medical conditions.

50
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Design individualized, systematic, progressive exercise programs.
  • Refer clients to a qualified medical practitioner for medical exercise prescription.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT prescribe treatment.

51
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Provide clients with general information on healthy eating according to the food pyramid.
  • Refer clients to a qualified dietician or nutritionist for specific diet plans.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT prescribe diets.

52
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Refer clients to a qualified medical practitioner for treatment of injury or disease.
  • Use exercise to help clients improve overall health.
  • Assist clients in following the medical advice of a physician or therapist.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT provide treatment of any ind for injury or disease.

53
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Design exercise programs for clients after they are released from rehabilitation.
  • Provide post rehabilitation services.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT provide rehabilitation services for clients.

54
Q

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do

  • Act as a coach for clients.
  • Provide general information.
  • Refer clients to a counselor or therapist.
A

Guidelines for Health and Fitness Professionals - Do NOT provide counseling services for clients.

55
Q

Objective Information

A
  • Physiologic assessments
  • Body composition testing
  • Cardiorespiratory assessments
  • Static and dynamic postural assessments
  • Performance assessments
56
Q

Subjective Information

A

Subject to opinion.

  • General and medical history.
  • Occupation, lifestyle, medical and personal info
57
Q

What is a PAR-Q?

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

58
Q

Participation Health Screening - Low Risk

A

Individuals who do not have any sign or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease and have <1 cardiovascular disease risk factor.

59
Q

Participation Health Screening - Moderate Risk

A

Individuals who do not have any signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease but have >2 cardiovascular disease risk factors.

60
Q

Participation Health Screening - High Risk

A

Individuals who have one or more signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease.

61
Q

What are some sample questions you could ask about client occupation?

A
  • What is your occupation?
  • Does it require you to sit or stand for extended periods of time?
  • Require you to wear heels?
  • Does it cause anxiety or stress?
62
Q

What are some sample questions you could ask about client lifestyle?

A
  • Do you partake in any recreational activities?

- Do you have any hobbies?

63
Q

What are some sample questions you could ask about client medical history?

A
  • Have you ever had any pain or injuries?
  • Any surgeries?
  • Been diagnosed with a chronic disease?
  • Currently taking any meds?
64
Q

Common Medications - Beta-Blockers

A

Generally used an antihypertensive (high blood pressure), may also be prescribed for arrhythmias (irregular heart rate).

65
Q

Common Medications - Calcium-channel Blockers

A

Generally prescribed for hypertension and angina (chest pain).

66
Q

Common Medications - Nitrates

A

Generally prescribed for hypertension and congestive heart failure.

67
Q

Common Medications - Diuretics

A

Generally prescribed for hypertension, congestive heart failure, and peripheral edema.

68
Q

Common Medications - Bronchodilators

A

Generally prescribed to correct or prevent bronchial smooth muscle constriction in individuals

69
Q

Common Medications - Vasodilators

A

Used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

70
Q

Common Medications - Antidepressants

A

Used in the treatment of various psychiatric and emotional disorders.

71
Q

Table 6.4 - Target Heart Rate Training Zones 1, 2 and 3

A

Zone 1: Builds aerobic base and aids in recovery.
Zone 2: Increases aerobic and anaerobic endurance.
Zone 3: Builds high-end work capacity.

72
Q

Max Heart Rate Formula for Each Zone

A

Zone 1: 65-75
Zone 2: 76-85
Zone 3: 86-95

73
Q

Benefits of a body composition assessment:

A
  • Identify client’s health risk for excessively high or low levels of body fat.
  • Promote client’s understanding of body fat.
  • Monitor changes in body composition.
  • Help estimate healthy body weight for clients and athletes.
  • Assist in exercise program design.
  • Use as a motivational tool.
  • Monitor changes in body composition that area associated with chronic diseases.
  • Assess effectiveness of nutrition and exercise choices.
74
Q

YMCA 3-Minute Step Test

A

This test is designed to estimate an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness level

75
Q

Rockport Walk Test

A

A test, similar to YMCA 3-Minute Step Test, designed to estimate a cardiovascular starting point. The starting point is then modified based on ability level.

NASM CPT (13 decks)

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