Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NASM CPT > NASM CPT Chapter 12 > Flashcards

NASM CPT Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

the positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is standing still

A

static posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise

A

kinetic chain checkpoints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the 5 kinetic chain checkpoints

A

foot/ankle

knees

lumbo-pelvic hip complex

shoulders

head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

knees collapse inward: knock-kneed

A

knee valgus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

knees bow outward: bowlegged

A

knee varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis

A

anterior pelvic tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

overactive ___ ____ cause an anterior pelvic tilt (excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis) then causing lumbar extension

A

hip flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alignment of the body while in motion

A

dynamic posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dynamic Postural assessments should be performed _____ static assessments

A

after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Squatting assessment: typically the first movement assessment that is used for most clients designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion

A

Overhead Squat Assessment (OHSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OHSA common movement impairments

A 
feet externally rotating
Overactive
Gastrocnemius/soleus (calves)
Hamstrings complex
Underactive
Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
Gluteus maximus and medius
knee valgus
Overactive
Tensor fascia latae (TFL)(muscle near front of hip)
Adductor complex (inner thigh muscles)
Underactive
Gluteus maximus and medius
Anterior and posterior tibialis
excessive forward leaning of torso
Overactive
Hip flexors
Gastrocnemius/soleus
Rectus abdominis and external obliques (superficial abdominal muscles)
Underactive
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Lumbar extensors
excessive lower back arch
Overactive
Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
Latissimus dorsi (large back muscle)
Underactive
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Abdominals

arms falling forward
Overactive
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
Teres major (posterior shoulder muscle)
Underactive
Middle and lower trapezius (mid-back muscle)
Rhomboids (muscles near shoulder blades)
Posterior deltoids (back of shoulder muscles)
Portions of the rotator cuff (small muscles that stabilize the shoulder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Balancing assessment: evaluates dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single-limb stance for clients who have performed well on the OHSA

A

single leg squat assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

single leg squat movement impairments

A

knee valgus

Overactive
Tensor fascia latae (TFL) (thigh muscle)
Adductor complex
Underactive
Gluteus maximus and medius
Anterior and posterior tibialis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

overactive muscles require ______

A

stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Underactive muscles require additional _______ _____ to help correct muscle imbalance

A

strength training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement by evaluating scapular and shoulder mechanics and stability of the LPHC, cervical spine, and head

A

pushing assessment

17
Q

pushing assessment moving impairments

A

low back arches

Overactive
Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
Lumbar extensors
Underactive
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Abdominals

shoulder elevation

Overactive
Levator scapulae (posterior neck muscles)
Upper trapezius
Underactive
Lower trapezius

head jutting forward

Overactive
Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck muscles)
Underactive
Deep cervical flexors (deep neck stabilizer muscles)

18
Q

What challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pulling movement evaluating upper-extremity strength, as well as stability of the LPHC, cervical spine, and head (as well as balance)

A

pulling assessment

19
Q

pulling assessment moving impairments

A

low back arches

Overactive
Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
Lumbar extensors
Underactive
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Abdominals

shoulder elevation

Overactive
Levator scapula
Upper trapezius
Underactive
Lower trapezius

head jutting forward

Overactive
Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid
Underactive
Deep cervical flexors
20
Q

moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury

A

optimal movement

21
Q

abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation

A

movement impairments

22
Q

when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

A

muscle imbalances

23
Q

Muscle imbalances result from altered ____ ______, synergistic dominance, and osteo- and arthrokinematic dysfunction

A

reciprocal inhibition

24
Q

when elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction forcing compensation to occur

A

overactive

25
Q

when a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment allowing for the compensation to occur

A

underactive

26
Q

optimal flexibility and joint range of motion; ability to move freely

A

mobility

27
Q

assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility

A

performance assessments

28
Q

8 basic performance assessments include:

A

push-up test: measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement

bench press strength assessment: designed to assess maximal strength and estimate the one-rep maximum for the bench press exercise

squat strength assessment: designed to estimate maximal strength and the one-rep maximum for the squat exercise

Vertical jump assessment: designed to test maximal jump height and lower-extremity power

Long (broad) jump: designed to test maximal jump distance and lower-extremity horizontal power

Lower extremity functional test (LEFT): designed to test lateral speed and agility

40-yard dash: designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed

Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment: designed to assess acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control

29
Q

T/F: The fitness professional should always begin the assessments process with a preparticipation health screening (PAR-Q+, health history questionnaire), physiological (resting heart rate and blood pressure), and body composition (BMI, circumference, body fat percentage) assessments prior to performing assessments that require physical exertion

A

TRUE

30
Q

T/F: All movement assessments should begin with a standing, static postural assessment then…
OHSA then…
Single leg balance then (time permitting)…
Pushing/ pulling assessments
Cardio (aerobic/VT1 and anaerobic/VT2) (on different days than performance)
(athletic populations) Performance assessments

A

TRUE

31
Q

It is presumably safe to perform most assessments with prenatal clients in their _____ trimester, however, precautions must be made for clients in their ____ and ____ trimesters

A

first

second and third

32
Q

lying facedown

A

prone

33
Q

lying faceup

A

supine

34
Q

collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet

A

pes planus

35
Q

Static posture is typically assessed in standing position and is used to identify the three postural distortions:

A
  1. Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome: flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips

Potential overactive muscles
Gastrocnemius and soleus (calves)
Adductor complex (inner thighs)
Hip flexors (muscles near front of hips)
Potential underactive muscles
Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
Gluteus maximus and medius (butt muscles)

  1. Lower Crossed Syndrome: anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis (extension) of the lumbar spine
Potential overactive muscles
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
Potential underactive muscles
Gluteus maximus and medius
Hamstring complex
Abdominals
  1. Upper Crossed Syndrome: forward head and protracted (rounded) shoulders

Potential overactive muscles
Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
Levator scapula and sternocleidomastoid (neck muscles)
Upper trapezius
Potential underactive muscles
Middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids (mid-back muscles)
Deep cervical flexors (muscle deep within the neck)

36
Q

Which performance assessment is designed to test lateral speed and agility?

A

Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)

37
Q

What tests should be performed last in the overall assessment flow?

A

performance assessments

38
Q

Which muscles are typically overactive when the feet turn out?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

NASM CPT (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions