Nasal Disease Flashcards
what are the core symptoms of nasal disease
blockage loss of sense of smell discharge - inc bleeding facial pain sneezing itching
rhinitis is divided into which two types
infective and non-infective
what are the causes of intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis
intermittent - grass/tree pollen or fungal spores
persistent - animal dander, house mite dust
how long do symptoms of allergic rhinitis last to be classed as intermittent or persistent
intermittent - <4 days symptoms a week or <4 weeks
persistent - >4 days symptoms a week or >4 weeks
what is the management of allergic rhinitis
allergen avoidance if possible
antihistamines
topical steroids
what are nasal polyps
swelling of nasal or sinus mucosa prolapsing into the nasal cavity
what is the presentation of nasal polyps
watery rhinorrhoea purulent post nasal drip mouth breathing nasal obstruction snoring
what are the investigations for nasal polyps
nasal endoscopy - polyps should appear pale, mobile and insensitive to gentle palpation
what is the management for nasal polyps
topical steroid drops to shrink polyps eg betamethasone for 2 weeks
endoscopic sinus surgery if all medical treatment fails
acute infective rhinosinusitis is usually bacterial or viral
viral and usually self-limiting
what is a major complication of infective rhinosinusitis
periorbital cellulitis
what is periorbital cellulitis and how does it present
spread of infection from sinuses to orbit - presents with red, swollen, closed eye
what is the treatment of periorbital cellulitis
IV antibiotics and surgery to rapidly debride the eye
