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ENT > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

how is herpes simplex virus spread

A

via saliva

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2
Q

which type of HSV is acquired in childhood

A

HSV type 1

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3
Q

how does HSV1 manifest in the mouth

A

gingivostomatitis - ulcers around lips, buccal mucosa and hard palate

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4
Q

how does reactivated HSV present

A

cold sores

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5
Q

what is carried out to confirm HSV infection

A

swab of lesion, transport in virus transport medium then sent for PCR

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6
Q

which two conditions presenting in the mouth are caused by coxsackie virus

A

herpangina

hand, foot and mouth disease

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7
Q

what is the causative organism in syphilis

A

bacterium - treponema pallidum

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8
Q

what is the treatment for syphilis

A

intra-muscular penicillin

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9
Q

what are the most common bacterial causes of sore throat

A

strep infection, haemophilus influenza

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10
Q

what is most likely cause of sore throat in person aged 15-25 if symptoms last more than two weeks

A

Epstein-Barr virus, infectious mononucleosis

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial sore throat

A

strep. pyogenes - usually causing follicular tonsillitis

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12
Q

list two complications of strep pyogenes throat infection

A

rheumatic fever, 3 weeks after sore throat + fever + arthritis
glomerulonephritis, 1-3 weeks after, haematuria, albuminuria and oedema

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13
Q

what organism causes diphtheria infection

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

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14
Q

how does diphtheria present

A

very sore throat, white/grey membranous lesions across pharynx
produces endotoxin which is cardio and neurotoxic

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15
Q

what are the complications of glandular fever

A

anaemia
splenic rupture
upper airway obstruction
increased risk of lymphoma

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16
Q

what is used to diagnose glandular fever

A

epstein barr virus IgM
paul bunnel/monospot test
blood count and film
LFTs

17
Q

how does candida infection present in the mouth and what organism causes it

A

white patches on red raw mucus membrane in mouth

caused by candida albicans

18
Q

what causes candida infection

A

post antibiotics, immunosuppressed, smokers, inhaled steroids

19
Q

what is the treatment for candida infection

A

topical nystatin or fluconazole

20
Q

how does acute sinusitis present

A

mild discomfort over frontal and maxillary sinuses

severe pain + purulent nasal discharge indicates bacterial infection

21
Q

what is the treatment for bacterial sinusitis

A

1st line penicillin 2nd line doxycycline but not in children

ENT (8 decks)

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