Head and Neck Cancers Flashcards
what type of tissue do H&N cancers originate
squamous cells lining mucosal surfaces
which areas are classified as H&N cancers
oral cavity pharynx larynx nasal cavity/paranasal cavity salivary glands
what are the risk factors for developing H&N cancers
tobacco alcohol specific viruses betel nut poor oral health hardwood
which virus is associated with oropharyngeal cancers
HPV type 16
HPV associated oropharyngeal cancers have a better prognosis true/false
true
EBV is associated with which head and neck cancer
nasopharyngeal cancers
what is a typical presentation of nasopharyngeal cancer
unilateral otalgia – blockage of eustachian tube and blocked nose
what is the presentation of oral cavity cancers
white/red patches on gums/tongue
swelling of the jaw bleeding in the mouth
what is the presentation of pharyngeal cancers
difficulty breathing/speaking
dysphagia
pain/lump in neck
ringing in ears or hearing loss
what is the presentation of paranasal/nasal cancers
epistaxis
blocked sinuses
frequent unexplained headaches
pain around eyes/upper teeth
what investigations are required for potential head and neck cancers
radiology - ultrasound for lymph nodes and MRI for soft tissues
fine needle aspiration
endoscopy and biopsy
lymph node metastases are painful/painless
painless
