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Anatomy Exam 4 > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

Fxn of nose

A
  • Respiration
  • Filtration
  • Olfaction
  • Warms & humidifies
  • Reception & elimination of secretions
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2
Q

Bones of external nose

A
  • Frontal
  • Nasal
  • Maxillae
  • Septum
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3
Q

Cartilages of nose

A
  • Lateral
  • Alar
  • Septal
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4
Q

Piriform aperture

A

Anterior opening of nasal cavity

  • Nasal bones
  • Maxillae
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5
Q

Roof

A
  • Nasal bones
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
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6
Q

Floor

A
  • Maxillae

- Palatine

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7
Q

Lateral wall

A
  • Maxilla
  • Lacrimal
  • Ethmoid (superior/inferior conchae)
  • Palatine
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8
Q

Medial wall/ nasal septum

A
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • Vomer
  • Palatine
  • Maxillae
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9
Q

Choanae

A

Posterior opening of nasal cavity, opens into nasopharynx

  • Vomer
  • Palatine
  • Sphenoid
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10
Q

Spaces formed by nasal conchae

A
  • Sphenoethmoidal recess (btwn root of nasal cavity & superior conchae)
  • Superior meatus (btwn superior & middle conchae)
  • Middle meatus (btwn middle & inferior conchae)
  • Inferior meatus (btwn inferior conchae & nasal floor)
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11
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • Air filled spaces lined w/ mucous membrane

- Continuous w/ & drain into nasal cavity

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12
Q

Where do frontal sinuses drain?

A

Into semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus via frontonasal duct

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13
Q

Where do ethmoidal sinuses drain?

A

Into middle & superior meatus

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14
Q

Where do sphenoid sinuses drain?

A

Into sphenoethmoidal recess

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15
Q

Where do maxillary sinuses drain?

A

Into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus

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16
Q

What is the most common infected paranasal sinus?

A

Maxillary

  • Due to superior position opening into nasal cavity
  • Can only drain when head is tilted to 1 side
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17
Q

What provides somatic sensory to anterior septum & lateral wall?

A

Branches of ophthalmic (V1)

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18
Q

What provides somatic sensory to posterior septum & lateral wall?

A

Branches of maxillary (V2)

Ex. Nasopalatine n.

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19
Q

What provides special sensory to nasal mucosa?

A

Olfactory via cribriform foramina

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20
Q

What aa supply the nasal cavity?

A

Branches of:

  • Facial
  • Ophthalmic
  • Sphenopalatine
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21
Q

Where does venous drainage of the nasal cavity occur?

A

Through a venous plexus draining into:

  • Facial
  • Ophthalmic
  • Sphenopalatine
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22
Q

Hard palate

A

Forms roof of oral cavity & floor of nasal cavity

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23
Q

Where does the greater palatine foramina lie?

A

Medial to 3rd molars

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24
Q

Where does the lesser palatine foramina lie?

A

Posterior to greater palatine foramina

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25
Q

Where is the incisive fossa located?

A

Midline, posterior to central incisors

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26
Q

What provides somatic sensory to mucosal lining of hard palate & maxillary gingiva ?

A
  1. Nasopalatine nn. (CN V2)
    - Pass through incisive canal & fossa
  2. Greater palatine nn (CN V2)
    - Pass through greater palatine foramina
27
Q

What provides somatic sensory to mucosal lining of soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine nn (CN V2)

- Pass through lesser palatine foramina

28
Q

Depression of soft palate

A

Brings it in contact w/ tongue, sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx

29
Q

Elevation of soft palate

A

Brings it in contact w/ posterior wall of pharynx, sealing off oral cavity from nasopharynx

30
Q

Soft palate is posterior to what?

A

The hard palate

31
Q

What innervates levator veli palatini? What is the action?

A
  • Vagus n

- Elevates soft palate

32
Q

What innervates tensor veli palatini? What is the action?

A
  • Mandibular n

- Tenses soft palate

33
Q

What innervates palatoglossus? What is the action?

A
  • Vagus

- Depresses soft palate & elevates tongue

34
Q

What innervates palatopharyngeus? What is the action?

A
  • Vagus

- Tenses soft palate

35
Q

Palatine tonsils

A
  • Located btwn palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal

- Highly vascular tonsillar bed (surgical concern during tonsillectomy)

36
Q

How does the nasopharynx communicate w/ the nasal cavity?

A

Via choanae

37
Q

Auditory tubes

A
  • Connect nasopharynx w/ middle ear
  • Pressure equilibrium
  • Muscles of soft palate help w/ opening tubes during swallowing
38
Q

What are pharyngeal tonsils called when they are enlarged?

A

Adenoids

39
Q

Where are pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Supero-posterior to opening of auditory tube

40
Q

Fxn of ear

A
  • Transfers sound wave vibrations to inner ear for perception of sound
  • Detects head position
  • Perceives balance
41
Q

External acoustic meatus

A
  • Slightly curved canal

- Composed of cartilage (lateral 1/3) & temporal bone (medial 2/3)

42
Q

What do sebaceous & ceruminous glands produce?

A

Cerumen

43
Q

TM

A
  • Separates external & middle ears
  • Cone-shaped
  • Articulates w/ malleus
44
Q

What provides sensory to external surface of TM?

A

Auriculotemporal (CN V3)

45
Q

What provides sensory to internal surface of TM?

A

Glossopharyngeal

46
Q

Middle ear

A
  • Air filled space (tympanic cavity, epitympanic cavity) in petrous part of temporal bone
47
Q

How does the tympanic cavity communicate antero-medially w/ nasopharynx?

A

Via auditory tube

- Route for spread of infection –> otitis media

48
Q

TM also communicates postero-superiorly w/ what?

A

Mastoid antrum/ air cells of mastoid process

- Otitis media can spread to mastoid air cells –> mastoiditis

49
Q

What innervates the malleus? What is the action?

A
  • CN V3

- Reduces movement of malleus & tympanic membrane in presence of loud sounds

50
Q

What does the malleus articulate with?

A

TM & incus

51
Q

What innervates the stapedius? What is the action?

A
  • CN VII

- Reduces movement of stapes in presence of loud sounds

52
Q

Facial nerve pathway

A

Enters internal acoustic meatus –> facial canal –> Exits stylomastoid foramen & gives off 3 branches

  • Greater petrosal
  • Stapdedius
  • Chorda tympani
53
Q

Greater petrosal innervation

A

PNS to lacrimal gland & glands of palate & nasal cavity
- Joins deep petrosal & synapses in pterygopalatine ganglion

54
Q

Stapedius nerve inneration

A

Somatic motor to stapedius

55
Q

Chorda tympani innervation

A
  • Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)

- PNS to submandibular & sublingual glands

56
Q

Glossopharyngeal n. gives off what branches?

A
  • Tympanic

- Leser petrosal

57
Q

Tympanic nerve forms what? What does it innervate?

A

Tympanic plexus

- Somatic sensory to internal surface of TM

58
Q

Lesser petrosal innervation

A

Preganglionic PNS to parotid gland

- Synapses at otic ganglion

59
Q

Pathway of greater petrosal n.

A

Brain –> pterygoid canal –> join deep petrosal n. –> forms n. of pterygoid canal –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> joins CN V1 & V2 –> nasal cavity, palate, & lacrimal gland

60
Q

Lesser petrosal pathway

A

Brain –> joins CN V3 –> parotid gland

61
Q

Where is the inner ear located?

A

Within petrous part of temporal bone

62
Q

How do vestibule-sound vibrations enter inner ear?

A

Via oval window

63
Q

Cochlea

A
  • Shell shaped, fluid-filled ducts

- Round window on lateral wall

64
Q

Special sensory innervation (hearing, balance)

A

Vestibulocochlear passes through internal meatus

  • Cochlear n to cochlea (hearing)
  • Vestibular nerve to vestibule & semicircular canals

Anatomy Exam 4 (4 decks)

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