Napoleon

Question 1

Directory

Answer 1

Weak executive branch created after the revolution, which Napoleon overthrew in 1799 to place himself in power.

Question 2

First Consul

Answer 2

When Napoleon first came to power, he named himself the First Consul and created a government called a consulate. This was supposed to be a republic, but was actually a government form where Napoleon held absolute power. In 1802, he was named consul for life.

Question 3

Plebiscite/referendum

Answer 3

Direct vote by an electorate instead of a representative.

Question 4

Consulate

Answer 4

A form of government established when Napoleon took power. Supposed to be a republic, but is actually an absolute dictatorship.

Question 5

Emperor

Answer 5

Napoleon crowned himself the emperor in 1804 after a rigged “vote”

Question 6

Coup d’état

Answer 6

Napoleon overthrew the Directory through a Coup d’état. This is a sudden overthrow of the government.

Question 7

Meritocracy

Answer 7

Hiring officials based on their ability, not their rank. This was one of Napoleon’s values, and one that helped him rebuild France.

Question 8

Napoleonic Code (aka Civil Code)

Answer 8

Created by Napoleon and was the first single law code for the entire nation. Preserved many revolutionary principles, maintained equality under the law, and restricted women’s rights.

Question 9

Concordat of 1801

Answer 9

The agreement between Napoleon and the pope that restored peace between France and the Catholic Church. Napoleon recognized Catholicism as the chief religion of France, and the pope in return did not ask for the return of the lands seized from him throughout the revolution.

Question 10

Bank of France

Answer 10

Established by Napoleon and created economic stability. There was a ban on trade unions, control of prices, and the food exports were limited.

Question 11

Third Coalition

Answer 11

When Napoleon took power, there was already a war between France and a European alliance named the Third Coalition (made up of Britain, Russia, and Austria). Napoleon decided to end this war and sign a peace treaty in 1802, which didn’t even last a year. Third Coalition collapsed after the Battle of Austerlitz.

Question 12

Horaito Nelson

Answer 12

The reason the British defeated the combined French-Spanish army at the Battle of Trafalgar. Nelson died soon after.

Question 13

Battle of Trafalgar

Answer 13

France and Spain vs Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden. Nelson was the reason the British won, and after this, Napoleon gave up hope on invading Britain and beating them at sea. He instead decided to set up the continental system.

Question 14

Continental System

Answer 14

French allies don’t trade with Britain. Includes any countries France has defeated at war, any allies, and anyone else who has positive relations with France. This system led to the Russian Campaign.

Question 15

Battle of Austerlitz

Answer 15

1805

France vs the Third Coalition (Russia and Austria, no Britian)

Napoleon wins (he was outnumbered 90000-68000)

After this, the Third Coalition collapsed and Napoleon conquered a lot of Europe.

Question 16

Confederation of the Rhine

Answer 16

Giving to Prussia during the Congress of Vienna and upgraded their power and gave them territory along of France’s border. One of France’s dependent states (kingdoms ruled by Napoleon’s relatives).

Question 17

Grand Duchy of Warsaw

Answer 17

Located near Prussia, another dependent French state.

Question 18

Kingdom of Italy

Answer 18

Unified Italian country, also a French dependent state.

Question 19

Nationalism

Answer 19

Napoleon spread nationalism throughout Europe. Nationalism is the unique identity of people through a shared language, religion, or symbol.

Question 20

Russian Campaign

Answer 20

1812

Russia left the Continental system and traded with Britain, and so Napoleon waged war.

560,000 French killed in this battle
Napoleon wins
Great Retreat occurs

After this, the French army is weakened and attacked by other European powers
Paris was captured
Napoleon’s defeat started

Question 21

Moscow

Answer 21

As Napoleon arrived, the Russians set fire to Moscow, destroying 3/4 of the city and effectively keeping the French army away for a little. The fire killed many.

After waiting over five weeks for the Russians to surrender, the French retreated with no food or supplies.

Question 22

Scorched Earth Policy

Answer 22

What Russia used during the Russian Campaign (this is why they set fire to Moscow).

A scorched earth policy is destroying every thing that allows the other side to fight a war, and burning the supplies rendered the French’s intents.

Question 23

Battle of Leipzig

Answer 23

1813

France v Prussia, Russia, and Austria

Napoleon is defeated north of Paris by the alliance and Britain

Napoleon was exiled to Elba and the monarchy in France was restored. Louis XVIII became the king.

Question 24

Elba

Answer 24

Where Napoleon was exiled to. He eventually escaped prior to being officially defeated.

Question 25

Battle of Waterloo

Answer 25

1815

France vs the Duke of Wellington (Britain) and Prussia.

Napoleon was officially defeated after escaping Elba in attempt to rule over France again (he was successful for a hundred days)

He was sent to St Helena (where he couldn’t escape) and he died soon after

Question 26

100 days

Answer 26

When Napoleon came back to France after being exiled to Elba and ruled for exactly a 100 days before the Battle of Waterloo.

Question 27

St Helena

Answer 27

Where Napoleon was officially exiled to, and where he died.