German and Italian Unification

Question 1

Nation

Answer 1

A unity of states, with a central leader, through common social and political structure.

Question 2

Nationalism

Answer 2

Despite the Congress of Vienna’s efforts, nationalism began to spread throughout Europe. It led to revolutions, as people no longer wanted to be ruled by the great powers, they wanted leaders from their own countries.

Question 3

Homeland

Answer 3

Where a group originally comes from

Question 4

Italy before unification (after 1815)

Answer 4

Pope ruled Rome
Austria ruled Milan and Ventia
Bourbon dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Two Scillies - Francis II was in power
King Emmanuel II ruled the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont

Question 5

Piedmont-Sardina

Answer 5

Only state ruled by an Italian King, and people turned there for unification. Cavour became prime minister in 1852 and began his plan to unite Italy

Question 6

Cavour-brain

Answer 6

Worked to strengthen Piedmont by encouraging trade and growing the army. After the Crimean war, he created an alliance with France to go to war with Austria, which they eventually won. He gave Nice and Savoy to the French and gained Lombardy for Italy. Nationalists in other states gave up their thrones to join Cavour following his success.

Question 7

Garibaldi - Sword

Answer 7

Was able to successfully overthrow the Bourbon Dynasty with only 1,000 men and he overthrew Southern Italy.

Landed in Sicily with his small army after hearing about their revolts against the king. Won all his battles and handed over his territory to Piedmont to aid with unification even more.

Question 8

Red Shirts

Answer 8

Garibaldi’s soliders
Called red shirts because of the color of their uniform.

Question 9

Victor Emmanuel II

Answer 9

The only Italian king
Ruled Piedmont
Ruled over Cavour and ruled all of Italy once it was unified (first Italian king)

Question 10

Francis II

Answer 10

Ruled Sicily and was overthrown by Garibaldi

Question 11

Napoleon III

Answer 11

Franco-Prussian war started in 1870 when Napoleon was king and he was captured in 1870 along with an entire French army

Question 12

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 12

Started because of a dispute over a Prussian king being put on the French throne. Bismarck took advantage over these arguments to declare war on Prussia in 1870. The French failed miserably against organized Prussia and the loyal German states. An entire French army and the king was captured later that year, and a treaty was signed in 1871. France paid 1 billion and gave up Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.

Question 13

Realpolitik

Answer 13

Practiced by Bismarck
Realpolitik - Politics based off practical matters, not theory or ethics

Question 14

Who did Bismarck become the Prime Minister under?

Answer 14

Prussian King William I

Question 15

Bismark’s beliefs

Answer 15

Conservative of the Junker (aristocrat) class who practiced Realpolitik and focused on what was good for Prussia, not on liberals and morals.

Ignored the will of the people when he was told the Assembly wouldn’t pay for his military budget and he just sent the Assembly home and collected the taxes anyway

Built the Prussian army into a great military and encouraged the growth of industry in Prussia

Question 16

What did Bismarck believe the average man wanted?

Answer 16

A job, to have his country protected, and to feel safe

Question 17

How did Bismarck test his army?

Answer 17

He attacked Denmark (won the territory of Schleswig, where the people spoke German)

Question 18

Bismark and Austria

Answer 18

Tricked the Austrians into declaring war on Prussia after he had made a deal with France to stay out of the fight

He was able to totally defeat Austria in 7 weeks but didn’t crush their capital, Vienna, because he wanted Austria to become an ally

Question 19

How did he unite Southern Germany?

Answer 19

To get the southern German states to join with Prussia, he got the French to attack Prussia by editing a telegram that King William I of Prussia sent to Louis Napoleon III of France. Bismarck made it sound really insulting.

Southern Germany feared France, so this protection made them feel safe.

Question 20

Bismarck’s “no mercy”

Answer 20

Bismarck ordered his army to attack Paris with cannons even though there were women and children and the people of Paris were starving and beaten. He said to take no more prisoners because corpses don’t eat (meant to kill French soldiers who surrendered)

Question 21

How was Germany united?

Answer 21

Through the fighting and winning of this war, Germany became a country. William I became Kaiser.

Question 22

Militarism

Answer 22

Prussia was known for its reliance on military strength (seen in Bismarck)

Question 23

How was Italy united?

Answer 23

Using an alliance with Prussia during the Franco - Prussian war. Prussia invaded Paris and France had to pull out troops from Rom to fight

1870 - completely unified.

Question 24

“blood and iron”

Answer 24

Bismarck said the great questions of the day will be settled by iron and blood. Some say this means war and industry and some says this means war and war technology

Question 25

Seven Weeks War (Austro-Prussian War

Answer 25

1866
Bismarck tricked the Austrians into declaring war on his country, and defeated them in 7 weeks (kept their capital) in order to save an ally.

Austria was now completely gone from Germany and the Austria-Hungary empire was declining even more rapidly.

Question 26

Prussia

Answer 26

Ruled by William I, but really ruled by Bismarck

Question 27

Lombardy

Answer 27

Earned by Cavour following war with the Austrians

Question 28

Venetia

Answer 28

Italy sided with Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war and gained Venetia in exchange for the Prussians winning.

Question 29

Papal States

Answer 29

When the French troops left Rome to save Paris, Italy was officially unified (1870)

Question 30

Schleswig-Holstein

Answer 30

Prussia earned Schleswig-Holstein after the Seven Weeks War

Question 31

Alscae-Lorraine

Answer 31

Given to Germany after the Franco-Prussian war in exchange for their help.