Nanomaterials Flashcards
Nanomaterials are materials wherein the sizes of
the individual building blocks are less than _______, at least in one dimension.
100 nanometer (nm)
Usually
nanomaterials are developed to show innovative
characteristics compared to the same material
without the nanoscale features which includes
increased strength, chemical reactivity or
conductivity.
It is engineering, science, and
technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is
about 1 to 100 nanometers.
Nanotechnology
are the study
and application of extremely small things and
can be used across all the other science fields,
such as engineering, chemistry, biology,
materials science, and physics.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
The father of nanotechnology
Richard Feynman
Conventional Technology uses a “_______”
approach while Nanotechnology uses a “__________” approach.
Top-down, bottom-up
This means starting from large pieces of
material and producing the expected structure by
mechanical or chemical methods.
Top-down
processes are where atoms or
molecules are used as the building blocks to
produce nanotubes, nanoparticles, or nanorods,
or thin films or layered structures.
Bottom-up
In the formation of nanorods and nanoplates, the
influence of ___________ is to be considered.
surface energy
The second possibility of obtaining nanorods and
nanotubes is related to layered structures, where
the ___________ is built from layers held
together with _________ forces rather than by
__________.
crystal structure, van der Waals, electrostatic attraction
Only three of the four valences of the carbon atom
are _______. The fourth electron of the atoms
remains ________ and becomes ________
across the hexagonal atomic sheets of carbon.
saturated, unbound and becomes delocalized
Graphite is an
Insulator
Single layers of graphite are known as
Graphene
These single layers of graphite are known as
graphene, and because of its structure and
bonding graphene is denominated as an infinitely
extended, _______
two-dimensional aromatic compound
Nanotubes are formed by _________
layers to form a tube.
wrapping graphene
Fullerenes consist of a combination
of
hexagons and pentagons.
The formation of nanotubes is not limited to
single graphene layers. As for fullerenes, both
_______ and ________ nanotubes may be
observed.
multi-wall and single-wall
have innovative and exceptional
properties and are currently being used in some
cutting-edge technologies and will certainly play
an important role in future high-tech
applications.
Nanocarbons
The material composed of C60 molecules is
known as _______, (or buckyball
for short), named in honor of _______, who invented the ________; each
C60 is a molecular replica of such a dome. The
term fullerene is used to denote the class of
materials that are composed of this type of
molecule.
buckminsterfullerene, R. Buckminster
Fuller, geodesic dome
In the solid state, the C60 units form a crystalline
structure and pack together in a face- centered
cubic array. This material is called _______
fullerite
fullerenes that have
additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed
within their inner spheres.
Endohedral Fullerenes
are fullerenes that have
additional atoms, ions, or clusters attached to
their outer spheres.
Exohedral Fullerenes
Carbon nanotubes also have unique and
structure-sensitive electrical characteristics.
Depending on the orientation of the hexagonal
units in the graphene plane with the tube axis,
the nanotube may behave electrically as either a ________
metal or a semiconductor
As a metal, they have the potential for use as
_________. In the
semiconducting state they may be used for
_________.
wiring for small-scale circuits; transistors and diodes
