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Chem > Midterm Flashcards (Chem) > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards (Chem)

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1
Q

An element, compound, or alloy, that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat

A

Metal

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2
Q

These are determined by holding together the atoms of metal

A

Metal Crystal Structure and Specific Metal Properties

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3
Q

With the exception of ______, all elements that form positive ions by losing electrons during chemical reactions are called metals.

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

Metals are solids under normal conditions except ______

A

Mercury

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5
Q

Metals have the quality of _______ from their surface and can be polished

A

reflecting light

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6
Q

Metals have the ability to withstand ______ and can be made into thin sheets known as foils

A

Hammering, Malleability

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7
Q

Metals can be drawn into wires

A

Ductility

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8
Q

All metals are hard except???

A

Sodium and Potassium

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9
Q

Metals typically have 1-3 electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms

A

Valency

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10
Q

Metals are good conductors because they have free electrons.

A

Conduction

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11
Q

Two best conductors of heat and electricity

A

Silver and Copper

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12
Q

Poorest conductor of heat

A

Lead

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13
Q

Other poor conductors

A

Bismuth, Mercury, and Iron

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14
Q

Have highest densities

A

Iridium and Osmium

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15
Q

Lowest density

A

Lithium

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16
Q

Has the highest boiling and melting points

A

Tungsten

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17
Q

Has the lowest boiling and melting points

A

Mercury

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18
Q

Another elements that have low melting points as well

A

Sodium and Potassium

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19
Q

Metals tend to have ________, and typically lose electrons (i.e. oxidized) when they undergo chemical reactions. They normally do not accept electronga

A

Low ionization — Electropositive character

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20
Q

Most metals come from???

A

Minerals

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21
Q

Naturally-occurring substance with a range of chemical compositions

A

Mineral

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22
Q

A mineral deposit concentrated enough to allow economical recovery of a desired metal

A

Ore

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23
Q

Where do metals exist?

A

in the Earth’s surface, In the ocean floor, as ions in seawater

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24
Q

Mineral of Aluminum

A

Clay

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25
Q

Principal ore of aluminum

A

Bauxite

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26
Q

The science and technology of separating metals from their ores and of compounding alloys

A

Metallurgy

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27
Q

A solid solution either of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with one or more nonmetals

A

Alloy

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28
Q

These are the principal steps involved in the recovery of a metal from its ore

A

Preparation, Production, and Purification

29
Q

Desired Desired mineral is separated from waste
materials or gangue (clay and silicate
minerals)

A

Preparation of the ore
- Flotation
- Magnetic Separation
- Amalgamation

30
Q

Reduction process to isolate metal from the combined form

A

Production of metal

31
Q

Metals orepared by reduction usually jeed further treatment to remove impurities

A

Purification of metals

32
Q

Three common purification

A

Distillation, Zone Refining, Electrolysis

33
Q

Reducing agent at high temperature

A

Chemical Reduction

34
Q

Suitable for electropositive metals

A

Electrolytic reduction

35
Q

Procedures carried out at high temperatures

A

Pyrometallurgy
- Chemical Reduction
- Electrolytic reduction

36
Q

It is an alloy of iron with a small carbon content plus various other elements

A

Steel

37
Q

Removes oxidized impurities

A

Flux

38
Q

In steelmaking, this us widely used to its simplicity

A

Basic oxygen process

39
Q

In solid-state physics, the band structure of a
solid describes those ranges of energy, called
________, that an electron within the solid
may have (“allowed bands”) and ranges of energy
called band gaps (“forbidden bands”), which it
may not have.

A

Energy bands

40
Q

Models the behavior of electrons in solids by postulating the existence of energy bands; a model used to stidy metallic bonding

A

Band theory

41
Q

Bands are separated by an amount of energy called_________

A

band gap

42
Q

Ineffective conductors of electricity

A

Insulators

43
Q

Are elements that normally are not conductors, but will conduct electricity

A

Semiconductors

44
Q

Group 4A are semiconductors especially:

A

Silicon and Germanium

45
Q

This can enhance the ability to conduct; addition of small amounts of certain impurities

A

Doping

46
Q

Two types of semiconductors

A

Intrinsic Semiconductors and Extrinsic Semiconductors

47
Q

Composed of only one kind of material: silicon and germanium are two examples

A

Intrinsic Semiconductors

48
Q

Another name for intrinsic Semiconductors

A

I-type semiconductors/ undoped semiconductors

49
Q

are intrinsic semiconductors
with other substances added to
alter their properties — that is to
say, they have been doped with
another element.

A

Extrinsic Semiconductors

50
Q

Two types of extrinsic semiconductors

A

N-type for negative; P-type for positive

51
Q

A type of extrinsic semiconductor in which the dopant atoms are capable of providing extra conduction electrons to the host material

A

N-type semiconductors

52
Q

Are a type of extrinsic semiconductor in which the atoms have one fewer ekectron

A

P-type semiconductors

53
Q

The word “alkali” received its name from the
Arabic word “_______,” meaning “_______”,
which since these elements react with water to
form hydroxide ions, creating alkaline solutions

A

al qali, from ashes

54
Q

The most electropositive or least electronegative elements

A

Alkali Metals

55
Q

What is the common oxidation state of Alkali Metals?

A

+1

56
Q

All dissolved alkali metals occur in_____

A

nature

57
Q

Less electropositive and less reactive

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

58
Q

Common oxidation state of alkaline earth metals

A

+2

59
Q

A variety of beryl, a mineral that contains the alkaline earth metal beryllium

A

Emerald

60
Q

Only occurs naturally in combinationwith other elements in mineral

A

Beryllium

61
Q

Most abundant metal and the 3rd most pkentiful element in the Earth’s crust

A

Aluminum

62
Q

Who is the pioneer of development of aluminum production

A

Charles Hall

63
Q

One of the most recycled and most recyclable materials on the market today. Nearly 75% of it are produced in the US is still in use today.

A

Aluminum

64
Q

Recycling aluminum costs ________ compared to producing primary aluminum

A

95% less energy

65
Q

any of various chemical elements that
have valence electrons—i.e., electrons that can participate
in the formation of chemical bonds—in two shells instead of only one

A

Transition metal

66
Q

It is a property of transition metal:

•they are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
o they can be hammered or bent into shape
easily.
o they have high melting points (but
mercury is a liquid at room temperature)
o they are usually hard and tough.
o they have high densities.

A

Physical Properties

67
Q

A property of transition metal:
o they are less reactive than alkali metals
such as Sodium.
o they form colored ions of different
charges.
o some are very unreactive (silver and gold)
o many are used as catalysts.

A

Chemical Properties

68
Q

This is usually too soft to be used as the metal
alone. It is usually mixed with small amounts of other
elements to make steels, which are harder and stronger, but easily shaped.

A

Iron

69
Q

iron and steel react
slowly with water and air to produce ???

A

Rust

Chem (3 decks)

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