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MET > Nano And Biomaterial > Flashcards

Nano And Biomaterial Flashcards

1
Q

is a material that is intended to interface with the biological system to treat,
evaluate, treat, enhance and replace any organ, tissue or function of the body. They

A

Biomaterials

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2
Q

Metals that are used as a biomaterial should exhibit the following properties:

A

Metals should have a high resistance to corrosion • Metals should be compatible to the body tissue • Metals should have high resistance to wear.

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3
Q

Metals can also be used for

A

reconstruction of the bone damage such as artificial hip, shoulder, knee and elbow joints.
fracture fixation such as plates, screws, pins, nails and rod.

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4
Q

Most metallic material that are used as a biomaterial have a

A

stable surface oxide layer improves their resistance to corrosion

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5
Q

Mettalic Biomaterials

A

Titanium and its alloys
Stainless Steel
Cobalt–chromium alloys
Nitinol
Tantalum

Magnesium and its Alloys

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6
Q

most used polymer for total joint prostheses is the

A

ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

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7
Q

so this material cannot be used or not advisable to use if the implant is requiring to carry large loads.

A

Polymer

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8
Q

Common Polymeric Materials

A

Polyethylene
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polylactic Acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA)
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polyanhydrides
Polyurethanes
Hydrogels
Nanopolymers
Silicones

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9
Q

bone implants to biomedical pumps.

A

Ceramic

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10
Q

are used in structural functions as tissue and joints replacement and also used as a coating to improve the biocompatibility of the metal implants. These

A

Ceramics

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11
Q

The main advantage of the ceramics are their mechanical

A

their mechanical integrity and their chemical and
physical compatibility in the presence of host or biological environments.

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12
Q

of Commonly Used Bioceramics

A

Alumina (Al2O3)
Bioactive glass
Nanoceramics
Calcium sulfate
Carbon
Calcium phosphates (CaP)

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13
Q

Advantageous characteristics of natural material

A

facilitating cell attachment,
enhance the mechanical properties of synthetic materials and ability to bind and deliver macromolecules

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14
Q

List of Commonly Used Natural Biomaterials

A

Collagen
Elastin
Silk
Chitosan
Celluloae
Alginate
Chondroitin sulfate
Coral
Hyaluronn

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15
Q

Used to anchor artificial joints such as hip joints, shoulder, knee and elbow joints.

A

Bone Cement

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16
Q

It is the polymer result of condensation of lactic acid and
glycolyic aci

A

Artificial Tissue

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17
Q

It is a corrective lens placed on the cornea of the eye.

A

CONTACT LENS

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18
Q

It is a device which uses electrical impulses contacting the heart muscles. It

A

PACEMAKER

19
Q

It is a mechanical device used in order to bridge the time for heart transplantation or to
replace permanently the heart if transplantation is impossible. The

A

Artificial Hearts

20
Q

Artificial kidney is a device works like a normal kidney.

A

Kidney Implants

21
Q

This material replaces the joint/ ligaments and allowing the movement of the knee and mobility of the leg.

A

Knee Implants

22
Q

It is made of corrosion resistant high-strength metal alloys or very high molecular weight
polymers.

A

Hip-Replacements

23
Q

should be good structure retention, flexible, high fatigue resistance,
adequate burst strength , good handling properties and biostable. It

A

Vascular Grafts

24
Q

are the common materials used as a replacement for the root portion of the
missing natural tooth

A

Titanium

25
Q

It is placed in the bone of the lower and upper jaw.

A

Dental Implants

26
Q

It is made from carbons, elastomers, metals, fabrics and natural valves. It is attached by
polyester mesh.

A

Heart Valve

27
Q

It is made of PMM, silicone elastomer and other materials. After lens is inserted, good
vision is restored immediately.

A

Intraocular Lenses

28
Q

defined as a material where the sized of the individual blocks are less than
100nm.

A

Nanomaterial

29
Q

Nanomaterials may be zero-dimensional

A

nanoparticles),

30
Q

one-dimensional

A

nanorods or nanotubes

31
Q

two-dimensional

A

(usually realized as thin films or stacks of thin films).

32
Q

Types of NanoMaterials

A

. Carbon Based Materials
2. Metal Based Materials
3. Dendrimers
4. Composites

33
Q

are composed mostly of carbon. It is in the form of hollow
spheres, tubes or ellipsoids.

A

Carbon based nanomaterials

34
Q

refers to spherical and ellipsoidal carbon nanomaterial while nanotubes refer to the cylindrical ones.

A

Fullerenes

35
Q

a closely packed semiconductor crystal comprised of hundreds or thousands of atoms, and whose size is on the order of a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers.

A

Quantum dot

36
Q

are nanosized polymers built from branched units. It has a numerous chain
ends, and can be tailored to perform specific chemical functions.

A

Dendrimers

37
Q

This materials can be useful for drug delivery.

A

Dendrimers

38
Q

is a combination of nanoparticles with the other nanoparticles or a
combination of nanoparticle with lager materials.

A

Composites

39
Q

is a typical example of ‘top down’ method of synthesis of
nanomaterials, where the material is prepared not by cluster assembly but by the structural decomposition of coarser-grained structures as the result of severe plastic deformation.

A

Mechanical grinding

40
Q

Mechanical milling is typically achieved using

A

high energy shaker, planetary ball, or
tumbler mills.

41
Q

The simplest fashion to produce nanoparticles is by

A

Furnace
by heating the desired material in a heat
resistant crucible containing the desired material. T

42
Q

In principle we can classify the wet chemical synthesis of nanomaterials into two broad
groups

A

top down method
bottom up method:

43
Q

where single crystals are etched in an aqueous solution for producing nanomaterials,

A

The top down method:

44
Q

consisting of sol-gel method, precipitation etc. where materials containing the desired precursors are mixed in a controlled fashion to form a colloidal solution.

A

Bottom up

MET (11 decks)

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