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MET > MODULE 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four components of material science?

A

processing,structure,properties and performance

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2
Q

Refers to the group of materials that are used in the construction of manmade structures and components.

A

Engineering materials

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3
Q

What are the major classifications of engineering materials?

A

inclue metals,polymers, ceramics and composites.

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4
Q

Materials are classified into two?

A

Metallic and Non-metallic

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5
Q

involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and
properties of materials (i.e., why materials have their properties)

A

materials
science

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6
Q

involves, on the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or
engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.

A

materials
engineering

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7
Q

role of a material scientist

A

s to develop or synthesize
new materials

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8
Q

role of a material engineer

A

is called upon to create new products or
systems using existing materials and/or to develop techniques for processing materials

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9
Q

material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components.

A

structure

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10
Q

involves electrons within the individual atoms, their energies
and interactions with the nuclei

A

Subatomic structure

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11
Q

involves electrons within the individual atoms, their energies
and interactions with the nuclei

A

Subatomic structure

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12
Q

relates to the organization of atoms to yield molecules or crystals.

A

Atomic structure

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13
Q

deals with aggregates of atoms that form particles (nanoparticles)
that have nanoscale dimensions (less that about 100 nm).

A

Nanostructure

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14
Q

those structural elements that are subject to direct observation using
some type of microscope (structural features having dimensions between 100 nm
and several millimeters).

A

Microstructure

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15
Q

structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye (with
scale range between several millimeters and on the order of a meter).

A

Macrostructure

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16
Q

a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a
specific imposed stimulus

A

property

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17
Q

relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples
include elastic modulus (stiffness), strength, and resistance to fracture.

A

Mechanical properties

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18
Q

the stimulus is an applied electric fi eld; typical properties include electrical conductivity and dielectric constant.

A

Electrical properties

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19
Q

are related to changes in temperature or temperature gradients
across a material; examples of thermal behavior include thermal expansion and heat
capacity.

A

Thermal properties

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20
Q

the responses of a material to the application of a magnetic
fi eld; common magnetic properties include magnetic susceptibility and magnetization

A

Magnetic properties

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21
Q

—the stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and refl ectivity are representative of _____

A

Optical properties

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22
Q

relate to the chemical reactivity of materials; for
example, corrosion resistance of metals.

A

Deteriorative characteristics

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23
Q

the structure of a material
depends on how it is???

A

processed

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24
Q

a material’s performance is a function of??

A

properties

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25
Q

means a model or set of ideas.)

A

“paradigm

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26
Q

The four components of the discipline of materials science and
engineering and their interrelationship

A

processing - structure - properties - performance

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27
Q

Solid materials

A

metals,
ceramics, and polymers

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28
Q

are composed of one or more metallic elements (e.g., iron, aluminum, copper,
titanium, gold, nickel), and often also nonmetallic elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen) in relatively small amounts.

A

Metals

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29
Q

Atoms of metals?

A

arranged in avery orderly manner aand and are relatively dense in comparison
to the ceramics and polymers

30
Q

mechanical characteristics of metals

A

these materials are relatively stiff and strong, yet are ductile (i.e., capable of large amounts of deformation without fracture), and are resistant to
fracture

31
Q

Properties of metals

A

are extremely good conductors of electricity
and heat
2. not transparent to visible light
3. a polished metal surface
4. has a lustrous appearance

32
Q

are compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements; they are most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides

A

Ceramics

33
Q

mechanical behavior of ceramics?

A

are relatively stiff and strong—stiffnesses and strengths are comparable to those of the metals
2. they are typically
very hard
3. extreme brittleness (lack of ductility)
4. highly susceptible to fracture

34
Q

Ceramic materials are typically?

A

insulative to the passage of heat and electricity (i.e., have low electrical conductivities, and are
more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than are metals and polymers.

35
Q

include the familiar plastic and rubber materials. Many of them are organic
compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements (i.e., O, N, and Si)

A

Polymers

36
Q

Properties of polymers

A
  1. low densities
    2.their stiffnesses and strengths on a per-mass basis are comparable to those
    of the metals and ceramics
  2. extremely ductile and pliable (i.e., plastic), which means they are easily formed into complex shapes.
  3. e low electrical conductivities
  4. nonmagnetic
37
Q

composed of two (or more) individual materials that come from the
categories previously discussed—metals, ceramics, and polymers

A

composite

38
Q
A
39
Q

include semiconductors, biomaterials, and what we
may term materials of the future (i.e., smart materials and nanoengineered materials),

A

Advanced materials

40
Q

have electrical properties that are intermediate between those of electrical conductors (i.e., metals and metal alloys) and insulators (i.e., ceramics and polymers)

A

Semiconductors

41
Q

nonviable (i.e., nonliving) materials that are
implanted into the body, so that they function in a reliable, safe, and physiologically
satisfactory manner, while interacting with living tissue

A

biomaterial

42
Q

compatible with body tissues and fluids with which they are in contact
over acceptable time periods.

A

biocompatible

43
Q

hey are not distinguished on the basis of their chemistry but rather their size; the nano prefix denotes that the dimensions of these structural entities are on the order of a nanometer (10−9
m)—as a rule, less than 100 nanometers (nm; equivalent to the diameter of approximately 500 atoms)

A

nanomaterials,

44
Q

Each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus, or the

A

atomic number

45
Q

of a specific atom may be expressed as the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons within the nucleus.

A

atomic mass

46
Q

atoms of some elements
have two or more different atomic masses,

A

isotopes.

47
Q

corresponds to the weighted average of the atomic masses of the atom’s naturally
occurring isotopes.

A

atomic weight

48
Q

may be used for computations of atomic weight.

A

atomic mass unit (amu)

49
Q

1 amu/atom (or molecule)

A

1 g/mol

50
Q

; protons and neutrons

A

1.67 × 10−27 kg

51
Q

electron

A

9.11 × 10−31 kg

52
Q

The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to

A

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

53
Q

Bonding that is always found in
compounds composed of both metallic and nonmetallic elements

A

Ionic bonding

54
Q

what is the direction of ionic bonding?

A

nondirectional

55
Q

magnitude of the bond is equal
in all directions around an ion.

A

nondirectional

56
Q

What boonding has the lowest bonding energy?

A

van der Waals

57
Q

Bonding that happens between nonmetals?

A

Covalent bonding

58
Q

What happens in covalent bonding?

A

sharing of electrons

59
Q

What type of bond is there in covalent bonding?

A

Directional bond

60
Q

it is between specific atoms and may exist only in the direction between one atom and another that participates in the electron sharing.

A

directional

61
Q

Bonding found in metals and their alloys?

A

Metallic Bonding

62
Q

What type of bond is there in metaalic bonding?

A

Nondirectional

63
Q

It exists whenever there is some separation of positive and negative portions of an atom or
molecule.

A

electric dipoles

64
Q

a special type of secondary bonding, is found to
exist between some molecules that have hydrogen as one of the constituents.

A

Hydrogen bonding,

65
Q

3 Types of van der Waals bonds?

A
  1. Fluctuating Induced Dipole Bonds
  2. Polar Molecule-Induced Dipole Bonds
  3. Permanent Dipole Bonds
66
Q

a special type of secondary bonding, is found to exist between some molecules that have hydrogen as one of the constituents.

A

Hydrogen Bonding

67
Q

Electric charge amount

A

1.60 x10 -19 C,

68
Q

using naturally occuring materials with only changes in shape I

A

Stone Age

69
Q

Ability to modify materials by refining (using heat), chemical modifications (alloying)
and mechanical deformation (cold working)

A

Bronze Age

70
Q

Ability to heat treat at high temperature, control microstructure at different length scale and ability to design specific microstructures for specific properties

A

Iron Age

71
Q

Discovery of polymers, and the ability to synthesize and process polymers

A

Plastic Age

72
Q

Ability to control alloying accurately, ability to make thin films.

A

Silicon Age

MET (11 decks)

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