Naming Chemical Compounds (2.4.2)

Question 1

• Ionic compounds are named using rules for their cation and anion components.

Answer 1

• Ionic compounds are named using rules for their cation and anion components.

Question 2

• Most molecules (non-ionic compounds) are named using Greek prefixes.

Answer 2

• Most molecules (non-ionic compounds) are named using Greek prefixes.

Question 3

• Bases are named as if they were ionic compounds. Oxyacids are named from their component anion.

Answer 3

• Bases are named as if they were ionic compounds. Oxyacids are named from their component anion.

Question 4

When positively charged ions (cations) have only
one possible charge (oxidation state), they are
identified by their elemental names, followed by the
word “ion”.

Polyatomic cations are identified by their group
name, ending in “-ium”, followed by the word “ion”.

Answer 4

When positively charged ions (cations) have only
one possible charge (oxidation state), they are
identified by their elemental names, followed by the
word “ion”.

Polyatomic cations are identified by their group
name, ending in “-ium”, followed by the word “ion”.

Question 5

Base

Answer 5

A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

Question 6

Acid

Answer 6

A substance that increases the amount of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Question 7

When positively charged ions, particularly
transition metal ions, have more than one possible
charge, they are identified by their elemental
names, followed by Roman numerals indicating their
charge, and then the word “ion”.

Under an older system still in use, when positively
charged ions (cations) have more than one possible
charge (oxidation state), the suffix “-ous” indicates
the lower charge and the suffix “-ic” indicates the
higher charge.

Answer 7

When positively charged ions, particularly
transition metal ions, have more than one possible
charge, they are identified by their elemental
names, followed by Roman numerals indicating their
charge, and then the word “ion”.

Under an older system still in use, when positively
charged ions (cations) have more than one possible
charge (oxidation state), the suffix “-ous” indicates
the lower charge and the suffix “-ic” indicates the
higher charge.

Question 8

Negatively charged ions are named using the suffix
“-ide” attached to their unambiguous stem to
indicate their anion status.

The suffixes “-ate” and “-ite” identify negatively
charged polyatomic ions containing oxygen, also
called oxyanions. The suffix “-ate” refers to the most
common oxyanion; “-ite” has the same charge but
one fewer atom of oxygen.

The prefix “per-“ indicates one oxygen more than an
“-ate” suffix, while the prefix “hypo-“ indicates one
less oxygen than an “-ite” suffix. The “per-“ prefix is
added to “-ate” and “hypo-“ to “-ite” in these cases.

The prefix “bi-” indicates an anion having hydrogen
as part of its structure.

The prefix “di-” indicates a polyatomic ion containing
multiple metal atoms.

Answer 8

Negatively charged ions are named using the suffix
“-ide” attached to their unambiguous stem to
indicate their anion status.

The suffixes “-ate” and “-ite” identify negatively
charged polyatomic ions containing oxygen, also
called oxyanions. The suffix “-ate” refers to the most
common oxyanion; “-ite” has the same charge but
one fewer atom of oxygen.

The prefix “per-“ indicates one oxygen more than an
“-ate” suffix, while the prefix “hypo-“ indicates one
less oxygen than an “-ite” suffix. The “per-“ prefix is
added to “-ate” and “hypo-“ to “-ite” in these cases.

The prefix “bi-” indicates an anion having hydrogen
as part of its structure.

The prefix “di-” indicates a polyatomic ion containing
multiple metal atoms.

Question 9

Most molecules are identified in two parts: If the first
element does not have a subscript, only the name
of the first element is used. When the first element
in a molecule has a subscript, Greek prefixes are
used to indicate how many atoms of the element are
present.

The second element is named using a Greek prefix
followed by the unambiguous stem of the second
element present, followed by the suffix “-ide”.

Second elements in binary names always have
prefixes.

Answer 9

Most molecules are identified in two parts: If the first
element does not have a subscript, only the name
of the first element is used. When the first element
in a molecule has a subscript, Greek prefixes are
used to indicate how many atoms of the element are
present.

The second element is named using a Greek prefix
followed by the unambiguous stem of the second
element present, followed by the suffix “-ide”.

Second elements in binary names always have
prefixes.

Question 10

Bases are named as ionic compounds.

Oxyacids are named from their component anion,
so acids with “-ate” suffixes become “-ic acids”.
A nitrate containing acid is thus nitric acid.

Acids with “-ite” suffixes become “-ous acids”,
so a nitrite ion containing acid is nitrous acid.

A “per_ate” anion becomes a “per_ic acid”, so a
perchlorate ion containing acid is perchloric acid.

A “hypo_ite” anion becomes a “hypo_ous acid”, so a
hypochlorite ion containing acid is hypochlorous
acid.

Answer 10

Bases are named as ionic compounds.

Oxyacids are named from their component anion,
so acids with “-ate” suffixes become “-ic acids”.
A nitrate containing acid is thus nitric acid.

Acids with “-ite” suffixes become “-ous acids”,
so a nitrite ion containing acid is nitrous acid.

A “per_ate” anion becomes a “per_ic acid”, so a
perchlorate ion containing acid is perchloric acid.

A “hypo_ite” anion becomes a “hypo_ous acid”, so a
hypochlorite ion containing acid is hypochlorous
acid.