naming Flashcards
atoms are electrically…
neutral
why are atoms electrically ____
Because there is the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-).
ions are groups of atoms with a charge because
They have different numbers of protons and electrons.
anion
negative ion; formed by gained electron
cation
positive ion; formed by losing electrons
(Predicting Ionic Charges) Group 1A
lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions
(Predicting Ionic Charges) Group 2A
loses 2 electrons to from 2+ ions
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 3a
loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ions
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 4a
can be a positive or negative charge (4+ or 4-) so I need to look at chart to determine the charge
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 5a
gains 3 electrons to form 3- electrons
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 6a
gains 2 electrons to form 2- electrons
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 7a
gains 1 electron to form 1- ions
(Predicting Ionic Charges) group 8a
noble gasses no charge!!!!!!!!!!
(Predicting Ionic Charges)
Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state. Use roman numerals to show charges
How to write covalent compounds
Prefix + name, Prefix +name+ide
Prefixes for covalent compounds
• 1 = mono-
• 2 = di-
• 3 = tri-
• 4 = tetra-
• 5 = penta-
• 6 = hexa-
• 7 = hepta-
• 8 = octa-
• 9 = nona-
• 10 = deca-
When naming ionic compounds
Cation (+) first then anion (-)
Determine if it has multiple charges
Regular name then name with ide
Writing ionic compounds
Determine charge
Make them balenced
Criss cross them
Anions are always
The same charge
If anions end with ide or ate
Ide: on periodic table
Ate: polyatomic
Binary acids
Made of 2 elements
Will always get the hydro and -ic
Oxiacid
NO hydro
ate = ic ending
ite = ous ending
If the acid has 1 more oxygen than the -ic acid…
add the prefix per
If there is 1 less oxygen than the
-ous acid,
Add the prefix hypo
Writing acids
Hydrogen will be listed first
The name will tell you the anion
• Be sure the charges cancel out.
•Starts with prefix hydro?- there is no oxygen, -ide ending for anion
• no prefix hydro?
Law of Definite Proportions
in a sample of a chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions.
Law of Multiple Proportions-
Dalton stated that whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
