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chemistry > chapter 4: atomic structure > Flashcards

chapter 4: atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Democritus?

A

Among the first to suggest the existence of atoms

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2
Q

What did Democritus believe?

A

Atoms were indivisible and indestructible

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3
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A
  • Discovers an atom using true science
  • All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms
  • Atoms of the same element are identical
  • Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds
  • In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged – but never changed into atoms of another element.
  • Atoms cannot be broken down any further
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4
Q

What are ions?

A

atoms with more or less electrons than protons

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5
Q

Positive ions

A

cations

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6
Q

Negative ions

A

anions

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7
Q

Protons + neutrons =

A

atomic mass

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8
Q

Number of protons equals…

A

atomic number

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9
Q

How do we see atoms?

A

scanning(electron) tunneling microscope

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10
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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11
Q

How did he discover the electron?

A

cathode ray tube, plum pudding model

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12
Q

Who discovered the mass and charge of a electron?

A

Robert Millikan

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13
Q

electron’s mass is…

A

about 2,000 time lighter than a proton or neutron

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14
Q

How did he discover the mass and charge of a electron?

A

oil drop experiment

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15
Q

Who discovered the proton?

A

Goldstein

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16
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

Chadwick

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17
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Rutherford

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18
Q

How did he discover the nucleus?

A

gold foil experiment

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19
Q

What did he discover about nucleus?

A

small, dense, positive

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20
Q

What are atoms composed of?

A

identical protons, neutrons, & electrons

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21
Q

How are atoms of one element different from another element?

A

they contain different numbers of PROTONS

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22
Q

Atomic number symbol

A

Z

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23
Q

Atoms of SAME element can have…

A

SAME number of protons but DIFFERENT number of neutrons

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24
Q

What is an isotope?

A
  • same element (same number of protons)
  • DIFFERENT number of neutrons
  • DIFFERENT mass number
25
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons?

A

Atomic mass number MINUS number of protons

26
Q

How do you find the mass #

A

protons + neutrons

27
Q

Negative

A

gained electrons

28
Q

Positive

A

lost electrons

29
Q

Where is the mass number on a symbol

A

top left corner

30
Q

Where is the atomic number on a symbol?

A

bottom left corner

31
Q

Hydrogen-1 (name)

A

Protium

32
Q

Hydrogen-1 (pro, elect, neu)

A

1 proton, 1 electron, 0 neutrons

33
Q

Hydrogen-2 (name)

A

deuterium

34
Q

Hydrogen-2 (pro, elect, neu)

A

1 proton, 1 electron, 1 neutron

35
Q

Hydrogen-3 (name)

A

tritium

36
Q

Hydrogen-3 (pro, elect, neu)

A

1 proton, 1 electron, 2 neutrons

37
Q

What is a proton?

A

positively charged subatomic particle

38
Q

What is a atom?

A

the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction

39
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

40
Q

atomic mass unit (amu)

A

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

41
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle

42
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an element

43
Q

atomic number vs mass number

A

atomic = # of protons
mass= protons+neutrons

44
Q

Average atomic mass or atomic weight

A

the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element

45
Q

period

A

horizontal row of periodic table

46
Q

group

A

vertical row of periodic table

47
Q

neutron

A

subatomic particle with no charge

48
Q

the nucleus of an atom is…

A

positively charged + high density

49
Q

Dalton’s theory claimed atoms are indivisible

A

Scientists now know atoms are all divisible

50
Q

the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom can be calculated by

A

subtracting the number of protons from the mass number

51
Q

all atoms of the same element have the same…

A

of protons

52
Q

an atom of an element with atomic number 48 and mass number 120 contains

A

48 protons, 48 electrons, 72 neutrons

53
Q

the number 80 in the name bromine-80 represents

A

the mass number

54
Q

relative atomic masses are measured in

A

amus

55
Q

where is mass number?

A

after the name of the element

56
Q

particles in order from least massive to most massive

A

electron, proton, hydrogen atom, helium atom

57
Q

the identity of an element can be determined on the basis of?

A

the number of protons in an atom of the element

58
Q

the relative abundance of each isotope of an element determines it’s

A

atomic mass

chemistry (6 decks)

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