names for stratification Flashcards
DURKHEIM
- stratification helps organic analogy
- everyone knows their function
DAVIS AND MOORE
- role allocation
- stratification is a universal necessity
PARSONS
- people will accept hierarchies
- role allocation
- sex role theory
SAUNDERS
- dependency culture leads to a cycle of deprivation
- failure to integrate
- opportunity hoarding is good
MURRAY
- underclass lack skills and therefore are reliant on the state
- laissez faire economics
MARX
- economic determinism
- proletariat are alienated and commodified by the bourgeoisie
ALTHUSSER
- ISA/RSA
- false class consciousness
HALL
- counter culture
- organic intellectuals organise political movements against capitalist stratification
WRIGHT
- embourgeoisment
- petit bourgeoisie who have authority e.g. small business owners
WEBER
- class, status and party
- status = power
- not just economic
- market position (demonstrates the nature of a person’s lifestyle)
SHARPE
- LIBERAL FEMINIST
- genderquake, policy change leads to gender equality
WALBY
- RADICAL FEMINIST
- 6 spheres of patriarchy
- paid work, housework, sexuality, culture, violence and the state
FIRESTONE
- RADICAL FEMINIST
- female biology causes gender inequality e.g. pregnancy limits careers
CARLEN
- MARXIST FEMINIST
- lose out on class and gender deal
MIRZA
- BLACK FEMINIST
- intersectional feminism
- e.g. black women more likely to die in childbirth
PAKULSKI AND WATERS
- POSTMODERNIST
- death of class
- status based on consumption
STRINATI
- POSTMODERNIST
- society based on consumption
- blur of high and low culture
MAFFESOLI
- neo tribes based on consumption
- POSTMODERNIST
BECKER
- INTERACTIONIST
- labelling stratifies
GOFFMAN
- INTERACTIONIST
- stigmatised identities
OAKLEY
- FEMINIST
- triple shift
unpaid labour in the household, no time for leisure, work, etc.
ANSLEY
- FEMINIST
- women are trapped in the home
- women are takers of shit from their husband, support frustration so don’t go for higher opportunities
MAC AND GHAIL
- crisis of masculinity
- supported by recent lost boys study
ARBER
- women are less economically active in life
- higher life expectancy than men but less money in old age
LEMERT
Older men have more gravitas in the media
BIGGS
Young and elderly are stereotyped in the media, ageism
GILROY/MCPHERSON REPORT
Institutional racism so opportunities are blocked by those in power
GILBORN AND YOUDELL
Media stereotypes which leads to SFP, black boys more likely to be viewed as aggressive which leads to exclusion and lower life chances
BRADLEY
Female WC jobs are paid less than the equivalent male WC job
PLATT
Educational achievement for ethnic minorities does not translate to work opportunities
SCOTT
Disability, learned helplessness
SHAKESPEARE
Disability is a social construct based on labelling
Institute of Fiscal Studies (2023)
Geography is the main factor in social mobility regardless of other factors
GOLDTHORPE
- identified 7 classes based on the occupation of the head of the household
- 1967 Affluent Worker Study which found the ‘affluent worker’ (economic but no cultural capital)
- OXFORD MOBILITY STUDY 1972, high absolute mobility but little relative mobility
SAVAGE
- Great British Class Survey
- OBJECTIVE MEASURE
- 7 new classes based on social cultural and economic capital
- NEW AFFLUENT WORKER (high economic but low social/cultural)
- PRECARIAT (lowest class, gig economy, unstable)
NS-SEC
- current class measurement system
- based on employment relations and conditions, job flexibility, agency from job, etc.
STATE OF THE NATION 2022
- blamed aspirations and parental values for lack of social mobility
- personal responsibility
STATE OF THE NATION 2024
- geography is the key factor
- more complex to analyse social mobility
- recognise structural inequalities
MODOOD
- assimilation of 2nd gen
- grouping everyone together (e.g. through BAME labe;l) ignores cultural complexities and differences
RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR
- term used by Marxist feminists to describe the unemployed who work in temporary jobs for low wages.
- Immediate gratification for WC mothers who have no time for normal jobs due to the triple shift
