Name TBA

Question 1

Reproduction

Answer 1

the production of daughter cells from a mother cell or the production of offspring from parents

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

the structures within living cells that contain the genetic material
- genes physically located in their structure
- contain very long segment of DNA, the genetic material, and proteins(bound to DNA to give structure)

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

the complex between DNA and proteins found within eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 4

prokaryotes

Answer 4

• another name for bacteria and archaea
• the chromosomes are not contained within a separate nucleus in the cell

Question 5

nucleoid

Answer 5

darkly staining region that contains the genetic material of mitochondria, chloroplasts, or bacteria

Question 6

eukaryotes

Answer 6

• one of three domains of life
• cells contain a nucleus bound by a membrane
• examples: single-celled protists, multi-celled organisms like fungi, plants, and animals

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

• large, specialized structure within a cell, which is surrounded by a single or double membrane

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

• membrane bound organelle in eukaryotic cells where sets of chromosomes are found

Question 9

cytogenetics

Answer 9

• field of genetics that involves microscopic examination of chromosomes

Question 10

somatic cell

Answer 10

any cell of the body except for gametes and the germ-line cells that give rise to gametes

Question 11

gamete

Answer 11

• reproductive cell (usually haploid) that can unite with another reproductive cell to create a zygote
• examples: sperm and egg cells

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

an organized representation of a micrograph of all the chromosomes within a cell
- it reveals how many chromosomes are found within an actively dividing somatic cell

Question 13

diploid

Answer 13

refers to an organism or cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 14

Homologs

Answer 14

one of the chromosomes in a pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 15

Alleles

Answer 15

alternative form of a specific gene

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

• describes a diploid individual that has two identical alleles of a particular gene

Question 17

Heterozygous

Answer 17

• describes a diploid individual that has two different alleles of the same gene

Question 18

locus (loci)

Answer 18

• the physical location of a gene or other DNA segment within a chromosome

Question 19

Cell Cycle

Answer 19

• in eukaryotic cells, a series of phases through which a cell advances in order to divide
• phases: G1 and G2 for Gap, S for synthesis (of genetic material), and M for mitosis