Mutations Part II Flashcards
1
Q
Mutation
A
- a permanent change in the genetic material that can be passed from cell to cell or from parent to offspring
2
Q
Point mutation
A
- a change in a single base pair within DNA
3
Q
base substitution
A
- a point mutation in which one base is substituted for another
4
Q
Silent mutation
A
- a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide even though the nucleotide sequence has changed
5
Q
Missense mutation
A
- a base substitution that leads to a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide
- changes one amino acid and can be neutral or inhibitory (LOF or GOF)
6
Q
Nonsense mutation
A
- a mutation that involves a change from a sense codon to a stop codon
- alters many amino acids and is inhibitory LOF
7
Q
frameshift mutation
A
- a mutation that involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides not in a multiple of three and thereby shifts the reading frame of the codon sequence downstream from the mutation
- in involves many altered amino acids and is inhibitory LOF
8
Q
Lethal mutation
A
- produces an allele that causes the death of a cell or organism
9
Q
Wild type
A
genotype or phenotype that is common in natural population
10
Q
Mutant allele
A
created by random mutation of wild-type alleles
11
Q
Conditional mutant
A
- a mutant whose phenotype depends on the environmental conditions, such as a temperature-sensitive mutant
12
Q
Germ line
A
- a lineage of cells that gives rise to gametes
13
Q
Euploid
A
- describes an organism in which the chromosome number is an exact multiple of a chromosome set
14
Q
triploid
A
describes an organism or cell that contains three sets of chromosomes
15
Q
Polyploid
A
- organism or cell with three or more sets of chromosomes
