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Cosmetology. > Nails. > Flashcards

Nails. Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called

A

Onychology

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2
Q

The part of the bail that extends beyond the end of the finger and protects the tips of the fingers or toes

A

Free edge

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3
Q

The visible nail area from the nail root to free edge; made of layers and there are no nerves or blood vessels here

A

Nail body

OR nail plate

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4
Q

The folds of skin of either side of the nail groove

A

Nail wall

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5
Q

The half-moon shape at the base of the nail, which appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the nail matrix and nail bed meet

A

Lunula

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6
Q

The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail

A

Eponychium

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7
Q

The loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail

A

Cuticle

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8
Q

The active tissue that generates cells, which harden as they move outward from the root of the nail

A

Nail matrix

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9
Q

This is attached to the matrix at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle

A

Nail root

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10
Q

A pocket-like structure that holds the root and matrix

A

Mantle

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11
Q

The area of the nail on which the nail body rests; nerves and blood vessels are found and supply nourishment

A

Nail bed

ligaments attach the nail bed to the bone

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12
Q

The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows

A

Nail grooves

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13
Q

The skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail

A

Perionychium

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14
Q

The skin underneath the free edge

A

Hyponychium

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15
Q

Growth of a new nail plate would take?

A

4-6 months

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16
Q

Nails grows at an average rate of

A

1/8th inch per month (adults)

*growth of nails is faster when you are younger because of general cell reproduction is occurring faster; therefore, growth of nails slows as one ages

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17
Q

Nail growth is faster in BLANK and slower in BLANK

A

Faster - summer

Slower - winter

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18
Q

Which nail grows the slowest? Fastest?

A

Slowest - thumb

Fastest - middle finger

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19
Q

Toe nails are harder and thinker than finger nails and tend to grow?

A

Slower

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20
Q

Permanent distortion a of nails occur when:

A
  1. A nail is lost for to trauma and, without the protection of the nail plate, the nail bed or matrix is injured
  2. A nail is lost through disease or infection. The regrown nail, in this case is often distorted in shape
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21
Q

Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called

A

Onychosis

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22
Q

Disease present?
Disorder present?
Condition present?
Can you perform nail service?

A

Disease - no
Disorder - yes, with care
Condition - yes

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23
Q

The cause of the disease, disorder or condition is called?

A

Etiology

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24
Q

What are the six signs of infection in the nails and hands?

A

Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing and pus

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25
Q

Ring worm of the nail is called?
(Disease)

Cause: fungus, usually nail injury invade by fungus
Prognosis: nail becomes thick and discolors, can develop white scaly patches which yellow streak under nail plate, deformed nail may fall off

A

Onychomycosis

OR tinea unguium & unguis

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26
Q

Ringworm of the hand
(Disease)

Cause: fungus
Prognosis: appears as rings containing tiny blisters, dark pink/reddish in color, can have dry flakes, can spread to nails, scale, feet or body

A

Tinea manus

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27
Q

“Athlete’s foot” or ringworm of feet
(Disease)

Cause: fungus, thrives in moist/dark places
Prognosis: inching & peeling of skin, blisters with colorless fluid forming in groups or singly on sores and between toes, leaving sore or itchy skin on feet

A

Tinea pedis

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28
Q

Inflammation of skin around the nail
(Disease)

Cause: bacterial infection, can come from infected hangnail; prolonged exposure to water create favorable conditions

A

Paronychia

OR felon

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29
Q

Refers to shedding or falling off of the nail
(Disease)

Cause: disease or injury related
Prognosis: nail will regrow, may occur on only 1-2 nails, nail bed will be sensitive and should be protected while nail grows

A

Onychoptosis

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30
Q

Inflammation of the nail matrix
(Disease)

Cause: bacterial infection
Prognosis: inflammation of the nail matrix, pus formation, red, swollen and tender; nail may stop growing and plate may detach; may not grow back, if it does it may be deformed

A

Onychia

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31
Q

Atrophy (wasting away) of the nail
(Disease)

Cause: injury or systemic disease
Prognosis: nails shrink in size and may separate from nail bed; if illness-related, may not improve if matrix is damaged; nail may improve in 3-6 months

A

Onychatrophia

32
Q

Refers to a loosening or separation of the nail
(Disease)

Cause: internal disorder, infection or drug treatment; systemic, disease-related
Prognosis: loosening of the nail plate starting at free edge and progressing to the lunula; nail doesn’t come off; stays attached to root area

A

Onycholysis

33
Q

Nails that appear bluish in color
(Disorder)

Cause: systemic problems of heart, poor circulation or injury
Prognosis: “blue” color in skin under nails; can be solved if eliminated, common in elderly

A

Blue nails

34
Q

Nails that are very thin or soft
(Disorder)

Cause: hereditary or nervous condition
Prognosis: thin nails, almost see-through, transparent

A

Eggshell nails

35
Q

Horizontal wavy ridges across the nail
(Disorder)

Cause: injury, Systemic condition, uneven growth
Prognosis: if injury-related it may grow out and disappear; systemic conditions may cause permanent ridges

A

Corrugations

36
Q

Nails with a concave shape
(Disorder)

Cause: systemic or long-term illness or nerve disturbance
Prognosis: unusual nail shapes, unlikely to disappear

A

Kolionychia

OR spoon nails

37
Q

Vertical lines down the nail plate
(Disorder)

Cause: injury to matrix that causes cells to reproduce unevenly, can be intuition, injury or illness-related
Prognosis: may grow out, may be permanent

A

Furrows

38
Q

Represent an increased curvature of the nail
(Disorder)

Cause: systemic
Prognosis: increased thickness and curving of the nail that may occur with age or injury to nail; most often occurs to big toe; physician may remove in necessary

A

Onychogryposis

OR “claw nails”

39
Q

Ingrown nails
(Disorder)

Cause: environmental or poor trimming practices; can become infected; may also occur of shoes are too tight or toenails are filed too deeply on sides
Prognosis: if nail grows into edge of the nail groove cutting the skin or becomes deeply embedded and/or infected refer client to physician

A

Onychocryptosis

40
Q

A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail
(Disorder)

Cause: injury or systemic
Prognosis: likely to disappear

A

Onychauxis

41
Q

Split cuticles; loose skin partially separated from the cuticle
(Condition)

Cause: cuticle is overly dry and splits; environmentally caused
Prognosis: skin breakers at corners of nails; can be trimmed with cuticle nippers and may heal in 2-3 days; can be reoccurring

A

Agnails

OR hangnails

42
Q

Slow dark purplish discoloration under the nail
(Condition)

Cause: trauma, environmental, blood trapped u elder nails or small capillaries hemorrhage
Prognosis: discoloration under nail; normal growth will continue, bruised area will grow out

A

Bruised nails

OR splinter hemorrhages

43
Q

White spots appearing in the nail
(Condition)

Cause: injury, heredity; signs of systemic disorders or nutritional deficiency
Prognosis: a small separation from the nail bed; grows out with nail

A

Leuconychia

44
Q

The living skin that becomes attached to the nail plate either at the Eponychium (diesel pterygium) or the hyponychium (inverse pterygium)
(Condition)

Cause: severe injury to Eponychium or hyponychium
Prognosis: excess living skin that can remain attached to the nail plate and disrupt normal nail growth

A

Pterygium

45
Q

Bitten nails
(Condition)

Cause: nervous habit, stress-related
Prognosis: if biting stops, nail will regrow, may be sensitive to touch

A

Onychophagy

46
Q

Split or brittle nails
(Condition)

Cause: injury, improper filing, harsh chemical contact
Prognosis: file with emery board carefully; may be permanent condition

A

Onychorrhexis

47
Q

What is the purpose of a nail service?

A

To improve the appearance of the hands and nails

48
Q

What are the five basic nail shapes?

A

Pointed, oval, round, square and squoval

49
Q

The cosmetic care of the hands and fingernails?

A

A manicure

50
Q

The cosmetic care of the feet and toenails?

A

A pedicure

51
Q

A manicure with white polish applied on the free edge and pink or peach polish applied to the entire nail is?

A

French manicure

52
Q

Three ways to create artificial nails?

A 
Acrylic nails (powder & liquid)
Nail wraps (fiberglass, silk, linen & nylon)
Gel nails (light-cured)
53
Q

Mixes with powder to form an acrylic nail; liquid in form

A

Monomer

54
Q

Mixes with monomer to form an acrylic nail; powder in form

A

Polymer

55
Q

Ensures adhesion of acrylic product to nail

A

Primer

56
Q

Plastic extension to nail

A

Nail tips

57
Q

Forms an acrylic extension to the natural nail

A

Nail form

58
Q

Bonds plastic to natural nail; tacky substance

A

Adhesive

59
Q

Removed amount of moisture I the nail when brushed over nail plate; allows better adhesion

A

Dehydrant

60
Q

Removes any residue nail enhancement product from the bristles of a brush

A

Brush cleaner

61
Q

Holds monomer and polymer separately

A

Dappen dish

62
Q

Builds acrylic nail; may be flat, oval or rounded in shape and is made from natural hair such as sable

A

Acrylic brush

63
Q

Shortens, files and shapes artificial nails; create grit

A

Nail file

64
Q

Smooths nails; rectangular abrasive block

A

Block buffer

65
Q

Removes acrylic liquid from container to dappen dish

A

Eye dropper

66
Q

Technical name for the nail

A

Onyx

67
Q

This is created with a combination of polymer and monomer

A

Overlay

68
Q

Woven materials that are applied to the natural nails or nails with tips to add strength

A

Nail wraps

69
Q

How many zones is the nail divided into when applying an acrylic overlay?

A

3 zones

*Zone 3 - thinnest application & closest to cuticle

70
Q

How many weeks is it required for a fill-in service for artificial nails?

A

2 weeks

71
Q

Nail tips can be overlaid with what for strength?

A

Acrylic

72
Q

These use a UV light to create reaction to harden the product

A

Gel nails

73
Q

Should acetone ever be used to remove polish from acrylic nails?

A

No, will destroy nails

74
Q

How much should a nail tip extend from the length of the free edge?

A

1/3 - 1/2 inch

75
Q

Nail drills should only be used on what type of nail?

A

Artificial nails

76
Q

When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail?

A

Before acrylic and after buffer

77
Q

Can oils and rubber be used to create artificial nails?

A

No

Cosmetology. (14 decks)

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