Nails.

Question 1

The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called

Answer 1

Onychology

Question 2

The part of the bail that extends beyond the end of the finger and protects the tips of the fingers or toes

Answer 2

Free edge

Question 3

The visible nail area from the nail root to free edge; made of layers and there are no nerves or blood vessels here

Answer 3

Nail body

OR nail plate

Question 4

The folds of skin of either side of the nail groove

Answer 4

Nail wall

Question 5

The half-moon shape at the base of the nail, which appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the nail matrix and nail bed meet

Answer 5

Lunula

Question 6

The cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail

Answer 6

Eponychium

Question 7

The loose and pliable overlapping skin around the nail

Answer 7

Cuticle

Question 8

The active tissue that generates cells, which harden as they move outward from the root of the nail

Answer 8

Nail matrix

Question 9

This is attached to the matrix at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle

Answer 9

Nail root

Question 10

A pocket-like structure that holds the root and matrix

Answer 10

Mantle

Question 11

The area of the nail on which the nail body rests; nerves and blood vessels are found and supply nourishment

Answer 11

Nail bed

ligaments attach the nail bed to the bone

Question 12

The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows

Answer 12

Nail grooves

Question 13

The skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail

Answer 13

Perionychium

Question 14

The skin underneath the free edge

Answer 14

Hyponychium

Question 15

Growth of a new nail plate would take?

Answer 15

4-6 months

Question 16

Nails grows at an average rate of

Answer 16

1/8th inch per month (adults)

*growth of nails is faster when you are younger because of general cell reproduction is occurring faster; therefore, growth of nails slows as one ages

Question 17

Nail growth is faster in BLANK and slower in BLANK

Answer 17

Faster - summer

Slower - winter

Question 18

Which nail grows the slowest? Fastest?

Answer 18

Slowest - thumb

Fastest - middle finger

Question 19

Toe nails are harder and thinker than finger nails and tend to grow?

Answer 19

Slower

Question 20

Permanent distortion a of nails occur when:

Answer 20

1. A nail is lost for to trauma and, without the protection of the nail plate, the nail bed or matrix is injured
2. A nail is lost through disease or infection. The regrown nail, in this case is often distorted in shape

Question 21

Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called

Answer 21

Onychosis

Question 22

Disease present?
Disorder present?
Condition present?
Can you perform nail service?

Answer 22

Disease - no
Disorder - yes, with care
Condition - yes

Question 23

The cause of the disease, disorder or condition is called?

Answer 23

Etiology

Question 24

What are the six signs of infection in the nails and hands?

Answer 24

Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing and pus

Question 25

Ring worm of the nail is called? (Disease) Cause: fungus, usually nail injury invade by fungus Prognosis: nail becomes thick and discolors, can develop white scaly patches which yellow streak under nail plate, deformed nail may fall off

Answer 25

Onychomycosis | OR tinea unguium & unguis

Question 26

Ringworm of the hand (Disease) Cause: fungus Prognosis: appears as rings containing tiny blisters, dark pink/reddish in color, can have dry flakes, can spread to nails, scale, feet or body

Answer 26

Tinea manus

Question 27

"Athlete's foot" or ringworm of feet (Disease) Cause: fungus, thrives in moist/dark places Prognosis: inching & peeling of skin, blisters with colorless fluid forming in groups or singly on sores and between toes, leaving sore or itchy skin on feet

Answer 27

Tinea pedis

Question 28

Inflammation of skin around the nail (Disease) Cause: bacterial infection, can come from infected hangnail; prolonged exposure to water create favorable conditions

Answer 28

Paronychia | OR felon

Question 29

Refers to shedding or falling off of the nail (Disease) Cause: disease or injury related Prognosis: nail will regrow, may occur on only 1-2 nails, nail bed will be sensitive and should be protected while nail grows

Answer 29

Onychoptosis

Question 30

Inflammation of the nail matrix (Disease) Cause: bacterial infection Prognosis: inflammation of the nail matrix, pus formation, red, swollen and tender; nail may stop growing and plate may detach; may not grow back, if it does it may be deformed

Answer 30

Onychia

Question 31

Atrophy (wasting away) of the nail (Disease) Cause: injury or systemic disease Prognosis: nails shrink in size and may separate from nail bed; if illness-related, may not improve if matrix is damaged; nail may improve in 3-6 months

Answer 31

Onychatrophia

Question 32

Refers to a loosening or separation of the nail (Disease) Cause: internal disorder, infection or drug treatment; systemic, disease-related Prognosis: loosening of the nail plate starting at free edge and progressing to the lunula; nail doesn't come off; stays attached to root area

Answer 32

Onycholysis

Question 33

Nails that appear bluish in color (Disorder) Cause: systemic problems of heart, poor circulation or injury Prognosis: "blue" color in skin under nails; can be solved if eliminated, common in elderly

Answer 33

Blue nails

Question 34

Nails that are very thin or soft (Disorder) Cause: hereditary or nervous condition Prognosis: thin nails, almost see-through, transparent

Answer 34

Eggshell nails

Question 35

Horizontal wavy ridges across the nail (Disorder) Cause: injury, Systemic condition, uneven growth Prognosis: if injury-related it may grow out and disappear; systemic conditions may cause permanent ridges

Answer 35

Corrugations

Question 36

Nails with a concave shape (Disorder) Cause: systemic or long-term illness or nerve disturbance Prognosis: unusual nail shapes, unlikely to disappear

Answer 36

Kolionychia | OR spoon nails

Question 37

Vertical lines down the nail plate (Disorder) Cause: injury to matrix that causes cells to reproduce unevenly, can be intuition, injury or illness-related Prognosis: may grow out, may be permanent

Answer 37

Furrows

Question 38

Represent an increased curvature of the nail (Disorder) Cause: systemic Prognosis: increased thickness and curving of the nail that may occur with age or injury to nail; most often occurs to big toe; physician may remove in necessary

Answer 38

Onychogryposis | OR "claw nails"

Question 39

Ingrown nails (Disorder) Cause: environmental or poor trimming practices; can become infected; may also occur of shoes are too tight or toenails are filed too deeply on sides Prognosis: if nail grows into edge of the nail groove cutting the skin or becomes deeply embedded and/or infected refer client to physician

Answer 39

Onychocryptosis

Question 40

A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail (Disorder) Cause: injury or systemic Prognosis: likely to disappear

Answer 40

Onychauxis

Question 41

Split cuticles; loose skin partially separated from the cuticle (Condition) Cause: cuticle is overly dry and splits; environmentally caused Prognosis: skin breakers at corners of nails; can be trimmed with cuticle nippers and may heal in 2-3 days; can be reoccurring

Answer 41

Agnails | OR hangnails

Question 42

Slow dark purplish discoloration under the nail (Condition) Cause: trauma, environmental, blood trapped u elder nails or small capillaries hemorrhage Prognosis: discoloration under nail; normal growth will continue, bruised area will grow out

Answer 42

Bruised nails | OR splinter hemorrhages

Question 43

White spots appearing in the nail (Condition) Cause: injury, heredity; signs of systemic disorders or nutritional deficiency Prognosis: a small separation from the nail bed; grows out with nail

Answer 43

Leuconychia

Question 44

The living skin that becomes attached to the nail plate either at the Eponychium (diesel pterygium) or the hyponychium (inverse pterygium) (Condition) Cause: severe injury to Eponychium or hyponychium Prognosis: excess living skin that can remain attached to the nail plate and disrupt normal nail growth

Answer 44

Pterygium

Question 45

Bitten nails (Condition) Cause: nervous habit, stress-related Prognosis: if biting stops, nail will regrow, may be sensitive to touch

Answer 45

Onychophagy

Question 46

Split or brittle nails (Condition) Cause: injury, improper filing, harsh chemical contact Prognosis: file with emery board carefully; may be permanent condition

Answer 46

Onychorrhexis

Question 47

What is the purpose of a nail service?

Answer 47

To improve the appearance of the hands and nails

Question 48

What are the five basic nail shapes?

Answer 48

Pointed, oval, round, square and squoval

Question 49

The cosmetic care of the hands and fingernails?

Answer 49

A manicure

Question 50

The cosmetic care of the feet and toenails?

Answer 50

A pedicure

Question 51

A manicure with white polish applied on the free edge and pink or peach polish applied to the entire nail is?

Answer 51

French manicure

Question 52

Three ways to create artificial nails?

Answer 52

``` Acrylic nails (powder & liquid) Nail wraps (fiberglass, silk, linen & nylon) Gel nails (light-cured) ```

Question 53

Mixes with powder to form an acrylic nail; liquid in form

Answer 53

Monomer

Question 54

Mixes with monomer to form an acrylic nail; powder in form

Answer 54

Polymer

Question 55

Ensures adhesion of acrylic product to nail

Answer 55

Primer

Question 56

Plastic extension to nail

Answer 56

Nail tips

Question 57

Forms an acrylic extension to the natural nail

Answer 57

Nail form

Question 58

Bonds plastic to natural nail; tacky substance

Answer 58

Adhesive

Question 59

Removed amount of moisture I the nail when brushed over nail plate; allows better adhesion

Answer 59

Dehydrant

Question 60

Removes any residue nail enhancement product from the bristles of a brush

Answer 60

Brush cleaner

Question 61

Holds monomer and polymer separately

Answer 61

Dappen dish

Question 62

Builds acrylic nail; may be flat, oval or rounded in shape and is made from natural hair such as sable

Answer 62

Acrylic brush

Question 63

Shortens, files and shapes artificial nails; create grit

Answer 63

Nail file

Question 64

Smooths nails; rectangular abrasive block

Answer 64

Block buffer

Question 65

Removes acrylic liquid from container to dappen dish

Answer 65

Eye dropper

Question 66

Technical name for the nail

Answer 66

Onyx

Question 67

This is created with a combination of polymer and monomer

Answer 67

Overlay

Question 68

Woven materials that are applied to the natural nails or nails with tips to add strength

Answer 68

Nail wraps

Question 69

How many zones is the nail divided into when applying an acrylic overlay?

Answer 69

3 zones *Zone 3 - thinnest application & closest to cuticle

Question 70

How many weeks is it required for a fill-in service for artificial nails?

Answer 70

2 weeks

Question 71

Nail tips can be overlaid with what for strength?

Answer 71

Acrylic

Question 72

These use a UV light to create reaction to harden the product

Answer 72

Gel nails

Question 73

Should acetone ever be used to remove polish from acrylic nails?

Answer 73

No, will destroy nails

Question 74

How much should a nail tip extend from the length of the free edge?

Answer 74

1/3 - 1/2 inch

Question 75

Nail drills should only be used on what type of nail?

Answer 75

Artificial nails

Question 76

When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail?

Answer 76

Before acrylic and after buffer

Question 77

Can oils and rubber be used to create artificial nails?

Answer 77

No