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Cosmetology. > Chemistry. > Flashcards

Chemistry. Flashcards

1
Q

Matter exists in three basic forms:

A
  1. Solids - weight, volume, shape
  2. Liquids - weight, volume
  3. Gases - volume
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2
Q

What form of matter is hair?

A

Solid

*hair is comprised of two solids (carbon and sulfur) and three gases (hydrogen, nitrogen & oxygen)

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3
Q

What is the most abundant element on earth?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

What is the second most abundant element on earth?

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance

i.e. Water freezing into ice

A

Physical change

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6
Q

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance

i.e. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to create water

A

Chemic change

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7
Q

All matter that is now living or was alive at one time; carbon present

i.e. Plants and animals

A

Organic chemistry

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8
Q

Studies all matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon

i.e. Rocks, water, minerals

A

Inorganic chemistry

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9
Q

There are how many known elements in nature?

A

92 elements

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10
Q

Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

A

Elements

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11
Q

Atoms that are identical to each other form an:

A

Element

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12
Q

The molecule formed when different elements are joined together chemically is called a?

A

Compound

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13
Q

The smallest complete unit of an element is an:

A

Atom

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14
Q

Elements found in hair include?

A

COHNS:

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & Sulfur

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15
Q

Has a positive energy in an atom

Located inside the nucleus

A

Proton

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16
Q

Have no charge in an atom; determines weight of atom

Located inside the nucleus

A

Neutron

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17
Q

Has a negative charge in an atom; sometimes makes it possible for atoms to unit with other atoms to form a bond
Located outside the nucleus

A

Electrons

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18
Q

Which is the simplistic atomic structure?

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a?

A

Molecule

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20
Q

How many common amino aside are there?

A

22

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21
Q

The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of what in the nucleus?

A

Protons

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22
Q

The number of electrons oxygen has orbiting its nucleus is?

A

8

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23
Q

What is an unstable atom missing in its outer shell?

24
Q

Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

They join together in chains to become proteins which provide the chemicals the body needs for growth and repairing tissues

A

Amino acids

25
Hair is primarily composed of?
97% keratin protein | 3% trace minerals
26
The backbone of all protein molecules Forms when 2 amino acid ends join
Peptide bond | OR end bond
27
What type of bonds are individually very weak? Can be easily broken by heat or water
Hydrogen bonds *about 35% of hair's strength is due to millions of hydrogen bonds
28
Name the four types of side bonds:
Hydrogen bond Salt bond Disulfide bond van der Waal's forces
29
Unlike charges attract to help organize protein chains 35% of hairs resistance to change; not exactly strong
Salt bonds
30
The most important side bond a cosmetologist had to be concerned with Contains sulfur, chemical change
Disulfide bonds
31
The theory that atomic groups prefer an environment with other groups that have similar structures
van der Waal's Theory
32
A unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline
pH (potential hydrogen)
33
Only solutions that contain what can have an acidic or alkaline nature?
Water or dissolvable in water
34
When a solution has an equal number of hydrogen (positive ions) and hydroxide (negative ions) ions it is?
Neutral
35
``` Ranges from 0-14 0 - acidic 7 - neutral 14 - alkaline Logarithmic - each step/number increases by multiples of 10 ```
pH Scale
36
A pH of 5 is how many times acidic than a pH of 6?
10 times
37
The pH of skin, hair and scalp is in the following range:
4.5-5.5
38
A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed would be?
Solution
39
A solute mixed in a solvent that tends to separate if left standing is a:
Suspension
40
A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a:
Solvent
41
These are formed when two or more non-mix able substances are united with help of a binder
Emulsions
42
Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent (usually in semi-solid form)
Ointments
43
Mixtures of days and oils concerted to fatty acids by heat and then purified
Soaps
44
Equal mixture of inorganic and organic substances that do not dissolve in water and that have been sifted and mixed u too free of coarse gritty particles
Powders
45
Which type of hair usually needs to be shampooed more often
Oily
46
What type of conditioners contain hydrolyzed animal proteins and are recommended for dry, brittle hair that has been mechanically or chemically damaged
Moisturizing
47
The purpose of a neutralizer is?
Restores disulfide bonds
48
Most ingredients for conditioners are proteins derived from?
Veggie & animal materials
49
What is the most common oxidizing agent used in Hair coloring and in hair lightening?
Hydrogen peroxide
50
Most shampoo is water-based and contains an ingredient called
Surfactant (Cleansing agent) Can remove oil form the hair
51
The water-loving part of a molecule:
Hydrophilic
52
The oil-loving part of a molecule
Lipophilic
53
The purpose of a waving lotion is to break down
Disulfide bonds
54
An acid rinse (pH 2-3) designed to dissolve soap scum, untangle and separate hair and add sheen is a
Vinegar and lemon rinse
55
What type of colors penetrate the cuticle layer of the hair and last through several shampoos?
Semi-permanent (6-8 shampoos)
56
What does dimethicone do in some conditioners?
Gives softness to the feel of hair without weighing it down (silicone form)
57
Anything that occupies space
Matter

Cosmetology. (14 decks)

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