Nails

Question 1

Beaus lines (transverse grooves)

Answer 1

trauma

disease
-syphilis, uncontrolled DM, myocarditis, peripheral vascular disease, zinc deficiency

drugs
-chemo drugs, immunosuppressives

infections
-scarlet fever, measles, mumps, hand foot mouth disease, pneumonia

hypersensitivities

Question 2

onychomadesis
(detachment of the nail plate from the proximal nail fold)

Answer 2

infections
-syphilis

medications
-chemo drugs, carbamazepine, lithium, doxycycline (photoinduced)

radiation

autoimmune diseases
-pemphigus vulgaris, alopecia areata, bullous pemphigoid)

finger/wrist fracture

high altitude

systemic diseases
-DM, dialysis, raynaud

Question 3

longitudinal ridging

Answer 3

normal sign of aging

uncommon in people younger than 40

Question 4

onychorrhexis

(altering longitudinal thickening and thinning or ridging of the nail plate)

Answer 4

normal aging

trauma, frequent soap and water exposure, manicures and pedicures

nail treatments (polish)

systemic
-hypothyroid, malnutrition, eating disorders

Derm disease
-lichen planus, psoriasis, darier, atopic derm, PRP, AA, GVH disease, pemphigus vulgaris, ectodermal dysplasia

impaired vascular supply

trauma