Nails Flashcards
What is the eponychium?
cuticle
What are Beau’s lines and what is most common cause?
Transverse depressions of the nail plate. Most often traumatic
What is trachyonychia?
nails with rough, rigid surface. Due to proximal nail matrix damage
What is true leukonychia?
white opaque discoloration. Due to damage of distal matrix. Mee’s lines sometimes
What are Mee’s lines?
a true leukonychia with transverse white bands. associated with arsenic and thallium toxicity.
How can you differentiate true and apparent leuckonychia?
press on the nails to see if it disappears with pressure. Apparent disappears with pressure.. True does not
What is koilonychia? What causes it?
spoon nails. iron deficiency anemia
What is it called when distal nail plate detaches from nail bed? What commonly causes it?
onycholysis. Commonly due to psoriasis or onychomycosis
What is a common cause of apparent leukonychia?
chemotherapy or systemic diseases
What is most common cause of splinter hemorrhage?
trauma
What nail disorder is bacterial endocarditis associated with?
splinter hemorrhage
What is longitudinal melanonychia?
longitudinal brown bands in nail caused by malanocyte activation. Single band may be a sign of nail melanoma. Multiple bands often due to drugs or systemic disease
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
extension of pigment on to the nail folds. Concern for melanoma
What is green nail syndrome?
pyocyanin pigment produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What would you expect in the nails of a psoriasis patient?
irregular pitting, salmon patches, and onycholysis with erythematous border in multiple nails
What nail presentations are common with lichen planus?
nail thinning and fissuring. Dosral pterygium can occur (scarring of proximal nail fold over nail plate
What is nail presentation in alopecia areata?
geometric pitting most common in children.
What is nail presentation in eczema?
irregular pitting and Beau’s lines
What is clubbing associated with?
cardiopulm disease, sarcoid, crrhosis, GI disease, toxins, and trauma.
What are Muehrcke’s lines? What is it associated with?
apparent leukonychia with transverse white bands. Associated with hypoalbuminism
What are Lindsay’s nails? What are they associated with?
half and half nails (white proximally, brown distal). associated with chronic renal disease
What are Terry’s nails? What are they associated with?
Mostly white with small brown distal border. Associated with cirrhosis
What are most common bugs that cause acute paronyhcia?
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
What is acute paronychia?
swollen red painful digit, compression of nail fold may produce purulent drainage.
What is onychoschizia?
horizontal superficial splitting of nail plate
What are signs of chronic aronychia? What usually causes it?
proximal nail fold inflam, absence of cuticle. Usually due to Candida infection
What is onychotillomania?
cutucle absent and proximal nail fold inflamed. Longitudinal central depression.
What is onychogyrphosis?
ram’s horn nails.
What are pincer nails (trumpet)?
over-curvature of distal nail plate. Commonly due to ill-fitting shoes
What is onychocryptosis?
ingrown toenail
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
bleeding angiomatous nodule
What is a periungual fibroma?
pink or skin colored papule originating from proximal nail fold.
What are myxoid cysts?
proximal nail fold swelling and nail plate depression and grooves
What is subungual exostosis?
beningn bony proliferation from the nail.
What usually causes SCC of nail?
HPV16
