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Derm Path Keith > Nails > Flashcards

Nails Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the eponychium?

A

cuticle

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2
Q

What are Beau’s lines and what is most common cause?

A

Transverse depressions of the nail plate. Most often traumatic

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3
Q

What is trachyonychia?

A

nails with rough, rigid surface. Due to proximal nail matrix damage

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4
Q

What is true leukonychia?

A

white opaque discoloration. Due to damage of distal matrix. Mee’s lines sometimes

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5
Q

What are Mee’s lines?

A

a true leukonychia with transverse white bands. associated with arsenic and thallium toxicity.

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6
Q

How can you differentiate true and apparent leuckonychia?

A

press on the nails to see if it disappears with pressure. Apparent disappears with pressure.. True does not

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7
Q

What is koilonychia? What causes it?

A

spoon nails. iron deficiency anemia

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8
Q

What is it called when distal nail plate detaches from nail bed? What commonly causes it?

A

onycholysis. Commonly due to psoriasis or onychomycosis

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9
Q

What is a common cause of apparent leukonychia?

A

chemotherapy or systemic diseases

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10
Q

What is most common cause of splinter hemorrhage?

A

trauma

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11
Q

What nail disorder is bacterial endocarditis associated with?

A

splinter hemorrhage

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12
Q

What is longitudinal melanonychia?

A

longitudinal brown bands in nail caused by malanocyte activation. Single band may be a sign of nail melanoma. Multiple bands often due to drugs or systemic disease

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13
Q

What is Hutchinson’s sign?

A

extension of pigment on to the nail folds. Concern for melanoma

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14
Q

What is green nail syndrome?

A

pyocyanin pigment produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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15
Q

What would you expect in the nails of a psoriasis patient?

A

irregular pitting, salmon patches, and onycholysis with erythematous border in multiple nails

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16
Q

What nail presentations are common with lichen planus?

A

nail thinning and fissuring. Dosral pterygium can occur (scarring of proximal nail fold over nail plate

17
Q

What is nail presentation in alopecia areata?

A

geometric pitting most common in children.

18
Q

What is nail presentation in eczema?

A

irregular pitting and Beau’s lines

19
Q

What is clubbing associated with?

A

cardiopulm disease, sarcoid, crrhosis, GI disease, toxins, and trauma.

20
Q

What are Muehrcke’s lines? What is it associated with?

A

apparent leukonychia with transverse white bands. Associated with hypoalbuminism

21
Q

What are Lindsay’s nails? What are they associated with?

A

half and half nails (white proximally, brown distal). associated with chronic renal disease

22
Q

What are Terry’s nails? What are they associated with?

A

Mostly white with small brown distal border. Associated with cirrhosis

23
Q

What are most common bugs that cause acute paronyhcia?

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

24
Q

What is acute paronychia?

A

swollen red painful digit, compression of nail fold may produce purulent drainage.

25
Q

What is onychoschizia?

A

horizontal superficial splitting of nail plate

26
Q

What are signs of chronic aronychia? What usually causes it?

A

proximal nail fold inflam, absence of cuticle. Usually due to Candida infection

27
Q

What is onychotillomania?

A

cutucle absent and proximal nail fold inflamed. Longitudinal central depression.

28
Q

What is onychogyrphosis?

A

ram’s horn nails.

29
Q

What are pincer nails (trumpet)?

A

over-curvature of distal nail plate. Commonly due to ill-fitting shoes

30
Q

What is onychocryptosis?

A

ingrown toenail

31
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

bleeding angiomatous nodule

32
Q

What is a periungual fibroma?

A

pink or skin colored papule originating from proximal nail fold.

33
Q

What are myxoid cysts?

A

proximal nail fold swelling and nail plate depression and grooves

34
Q

What is subungual exostosis?

A

beningn bony proliferation from the nail.

35
Q

What usually causes SCC of nail?

A

HPV16

Derm Path Keith (4 decks)

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