Nail Diseases & Disorders (definition as question)

Question 1

• infected hangnail
• pain, redness, and swelling of nail folds
• caused by a tear or break in the nail folds where bacteria can enter

Answer 1

paronychia

Question 2

• green discoloration
• bacterial infection between nail plate and nail bed
• can be multi drug resistant

Answer 2

pseudomonas

Question 3

• fungal or yeast infection of nail
• white/yellowish in color and changes texture/shape of nail
• fungus digests keratin of nail plate (plate may separate from nail bed and crumble off)

Answer 3

onychomycosis

Question 4

Infectious organism of onychomycosis

Answer 4

Trichophyton Rubrum or Trichophyton Mentographytes

Question 5

• ringworm of nails
• char. by nail thickening, deformity, and eventually results in nail plate loss

Answer 5

tinea unguis

Question 6

• atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate which causes it to lose its luster, become smaller, and maybe shed entirely
• may be caused by irregularity or disease

Answer 6

onychatrophia

Question 7

• claw-type nails that are characterized by a thickened nail plate and often result of trauma
• nail plate will curve inward and pinch the nail bed

Answer 7

onychogryposis

Question 8

• brittle nails that split vertically, peel, and/or have vertical ridges
• From: heredity or use of strong cleaning solvents

Answer 8

onychorrhexis

Question 9

• over-thickening of nail plate
• may be result of internal disorders

Answer 9

onychauxis

Question 10

• white lines or spots in nail plate
• may be caused by tiny air bubbles due to trauma
• spots will grow out with nail plate

Answer 10

leuconychia

Question 11

• horizonal lines of darkened cells and linear depressions
• may be caused by trauma, illness, malnutrition, etc
• result of interruption in protein formation of the nail plate

Answer 11

Beau’s Lines

Question 12

• caused through iron deficiency anemia
• raised ridges, thin, concave

Answer 12

koilonychia

Question 13

• vertical pigmented bands, “nail moles”

Answer 13

melanonychia

Question 14

• inward advance of skin over nail plate
• result of trauma to matrix due to surgical procedure or deep cut to nail plate
• loss of nail plate due to development of scar tissue

Answer 14

pterygium

Question 15

• forward growth of hyponychium char. by live tissue attached to underside of nail plate
• causes: systematic, hereditary, allergic reaction to acrylics or solvents

Answer 15

pterygium inversum unguis

Question 16

• raw, scaly skin
• nail is pitted, dry, and will often crumble
• plate may separate from nail bed and may also appear red, orange, or brown with red spots in the lunula

Answer 16

psoriasis

Question 17

• MMA = methyl methacrylate, banned liquid monomer for acrylic nails
• rigid, do not bend or have flexibility to break
• if does break, will break natural nail with it and cause severe nail damage

Answer 17

MMA Damaged nails

Question 18

• vert. splitting or separation of the nail plate nlayers at the distal edge of the nail plate
• causes: natural aging, overexposure to water and chemical solvents

Answer 18

brittle nails

Question 19

good quality cuticle and nail oil that contains Jojoba and Vitamin E

Answer 19

treatment for brittle nails and vertical ridges

Question 20

• char. of aging
• “rail and groove’ effect
• as age, natural oils decline in nail plate

Answer 20

vertical ridges

Question 21

• result of trauma to nail plate
• blood trapped btwn nail bed and nail plate

Answer 21

hematoma

Question 22

• rare genetic disorder involving nail and skeletal deformities
• transmitted by autosomal dominant characteristic in ABO blood group

Answer 22

nail patella syndrome