Nail Diseases and Disorders (term as question)

Question 1

paronychia

Answer 1

• infected hangnail
• pain, redness, and swelling of nail folds
• caused by a tear or break in the nail folds where bacteria can enter

Question 2

pseudomonas

Answer 2

• green discoloration
• bacterial infection between nail plate and nail bed
• can be multi drug resistant

Question 3

onychomycosis

Answer 3

• fungal or yeast infection of nail
• white/yellowish in color and changes texture/shape of nail
• fungus digests keratin of nail plate (plate may separate from nail bed and crumble off)

Question 4

Trichophyton Rubrum or Trichophyton Mentographytes

Answer 4

Infectious organism of onychomycosis

Question 5

tinea unguis

Answer 5

• ringworm of nails
• char. by nail thickening, deformity, and eventually results in nail plate loss

Question 6

onychatrophia

Answer 6

• atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate which causes it to lose its luster, become smaller, and maybe shed entirely
• may be caused by irregularity or disease

Question 7

onychogryposis

Answer 7

• claw-type nails that are characterized by a thickened nail plate and often result of trauma
• nail plate will curve inward and pinch the nail bed

Question 8

onychorrhexis

Answer 8

• brittle nails that split vertically, peel, and/or have vertical ridges
• Causes: heredity or use of strong cleaning solvents

Question 9

onychauxis

Answer 9

• over-thickening of nail plate
• may be result of internal disorders

Question 10

leuconychia

Answer 10

• white lines or spots in nail plate
• may be caused by tiny air bubbles due to trauma
• spots will grow out with nail plate

Question 11

Beau’s Lines

Answer 11

• horizonal lines of darkened cells and linear depressions
• may be caused by trauma, illness, malnutrition, etc
• result of interruption in protein formation of the nail plate

Question 12

koilonychia

Answer 12

• caused through iron deficiency anemia
• raised ridges, thin, concave

Question 13

melanonychia

Answer 13

• vertical pigmented bands, “nail moles”

Question 14

pterygium

Answer 14

• inward advance of skin over nail plate
• result of trauma to matrix due to surgical procedure or deep cut to nail plate
• loss of nail plate due to development of scar tissue

Question 15

pterygium inversum unguis

Answer 15

• forward growth of hyponychium char. by live tissue attached to underside of nail plate
• causes: systematic, hereditary, allergic reaction to acrylics or solvents

Question 16

psoriasis

Answer 16

• raw, scaly skin
• nail is pitted, dry, and will often crumble
• plate may separate from nail bed and may also appear red, orange, or brown with red spots in the lunula

Question 17

MMA Damaged nails

Answer 17

• MMA = methyl methacrylate, banned liquid monomer for acrylic nails
• rigid, do not bend or have flexibility to break
• if does break, will break natural nail with it and cause severe nail damage

Question 18

brittle nails

Answer 18

• vert. splitting or separation of the nail plate nlayers at the distal edge of the nail plate
• causes: natural aging, overexposure to water and chemical solvents

Question 19

treatment for brittle nails and vertical ridges

Answer 19

good quality cuticle and nail oil that contains Jojoba and Vitamin E

Question 20

vertical ridges

Answer 20

• char. of aging
• “rail and groove’ effect
• as age, natural oils decline in nail plate

Question 21

hematoma

Answer 21

• result of trauma to nail plate
• blood trapped btwn nail bed and nail plate

Question 22

nail patella syndrome

Answer 22

• rare genetic disorder involving nail and skeletal deformities
• transmitted by autosomal dominant characteristic in ABO blood group