NA movments 1945-92

Question 1

1945-69 summary

1 point

Answer 1

1. policy of termination - considerable worsening of position

Question 2

Termination 1953
8 points
(end of reservation system, encouraged to move to cities where there were jobs )

Answer 2

position declines

1. speed up assimilation
2. loose protection as ‘wards of the gov’
3. many unable to adapt = 50% return to reservations where conditions deteriorated.
4. worst accommodation, poorly paid jobs.
5. unemployment rate 18%
6. life expectancy 44 years (20 years below national average)
7. rights not advanced

positive
1. often established ghettoes
helped preserve culture, witnessed growth of civil rights movement which influenced their own movement

Question 3

1969-92 summary

2 points

Answer 3

1. able to regain some land

2. educational opportunities improved

Question 4

1969-92
restoration of land
4 points

Answer 4

1. slow process.
2. not all land restored.
3. sometimes offered considerable amount of compensation - tribes rejected offer as wanted back land
4. process of regaining land continues today

Question 5

1969-92
Religion and culture
4 points

Answer 5

1. respect for religious tradition restored
2. able to worship freely
3. 30 states pass laws to protect burial grounds and remains
4. gained recognition from government to live according to tribal culture

Question 6

1969-92
Society
4 points

Answer 6

1. began to negotiate contracts with Bureau of Indian Affairs to take responsibility for health, education and other social service provision
2. education and employment levels remain low
3. funding cuts at end of period weaken position
4. end of assimilation. moves towards self-determination.
   reflected in NA population -
   800,000 1970
   1.7 million 1990