(N.7) Case Study: Sexual Health Education

Question 1

Sexual health

Answer 1

a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality

requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence

Question 2

T or F: sexual health is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T or F: for sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Sexual health education

Answer 4

the process of equipping individuals, couples, families and communities with the information, motivation and behavioural skills needed to ENHANCE SEXUAL HEALTH and AVOID NEGATIVE sexual health outcomes

Question 5

Age of consent

Answer 5

= when a young person can legally agree to all forms of sexual activity

○ 16 years

Question 6

exception to age of consent

Answer 6

close in age exceptions
= 14 or 15 year old can consent as long as the partner is LESS THAN 5 YEARS OLDER & there is no relationship of trust, authority, dependency, any exploitation of younger

= 12 and 13 years old = LESS THAN 2 YEARS

(2 or 5+ years = criminal offence)

Question 7

Sexual Intercourse in Canada
15-17: %
18-19:
20-24:

Answer 7

15-17: 20.6%
18-19: 52.%
20-24: 71.5%

Question 8

Condom use during last sexual intercourse among those currently sexually active
15-17: %
18-19:
20-24:

Answer 8

15-17: 79.9%
18-19: 67.3%
20-24: 55.1%

Question 9

How to fix not using protection amongst young people having sex

Answer 9

Sex-ed!!!!

Question 10

T or F: sex-ed can correlate impacts with whether they received sexual education or not

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Higher rate of..
Chlamydia =
Gonorrhea =

Answer 11

Chlamydia = women
Gonorrhea = men

Question 12

T or F: rise of high STI rates in Canada is due to decline in condom use

Answer 12

T: Evidence suggests rates and rise of high STI rates in Canada is due to decline in condom use

Question 13

Have seen decline in almost all crimes in Canada over the past decades EXCEPT ____?

Answer 13

sexual assault
- decrease in crime, increase in SA

Question 14

Disagreement not around whether sexual health should be taught, but rather _____ & ______ should be taught

Answer 14

how and what

Question 15

____%+ of students agreed sexual health should be taught in schools

____%+ of parents agreed sexual health should be taught in schools

Answer 15

90% of students
87% of parents

Question 16

Debates often stem from what methods of teaching should be

Answer 16

○ Abstinence
○ Risks of sex (e.g., STIs, pregnancy)
○ Sexual pleasure
○ Consent; being free from coercion.

Question 17

When was The Ontario Curriculum (Grades 1-8)
Health & Physical Education

Answer 17

Introduced in 1998
= General expectations (including sex ed), teachers revamp curriculum

Question 18

2010 revamped curriculum

Answer 18

Dalton McGuinty (lib) revamped curriculum
- Pushback for revamping curriculum, never went through
- remained with 1998

Question 19

2015 - revamped curriculum

Answer 19

Kathleen Wynne revamped
- 244 pages
- Very robust, included technology
- Curriculum has sparked anger from parents (promotes sexual behaviour in kids and teens)
-Massive protest by parents, religious groups .etc
- Worried it would increase sexual behaviours in children
- View = parents have a right to decide for their children

Question 20

challenge with parent pushback for 2015 revision

Answer 20

ill-health effects would still be in play by parents taking proportion of children out

Question 21

2018 - revision

Answer 21

Doug Ford election vowed to change in favour of parents
= Ford government did change it
- Reverted to 2010 for physical health
- 1998 for sexual health

2015: knowing body parts/using correct terms, hygiene
vs
2010 (2018): life cycles of plants/humans .etc

Question 22

Criticism about no explicit mention (in teaching expectations) of:

Answer 22

• Anatomical terms for genitalia
• Consent
• Same-sex families (pre-dates legal same-sex marriage)
• Sex and the internet
• Smartphones, cyber bullying, and sexting (pre-dates all)

*****Did not exist in 1998

Question 23

Teacher protest against 2018 curriculum

Answer 23

• Teaching what was not in the curriculum could result in students/parents calling provincial government snitch line and tell on teacher
• Could be reprimanded for doing so

Question 24

Evidence on abstinence education not being adequate

Answer 24

• Leads to more sex, not less
• Doesn’t talk about consent

Question 25

goals of sexual health education

Answer 25

i. help people achieve positive outcomes
- self-esteem, respect for self/others, non-exploitative sexual relations, rewarding human relationships, informed reproductive choices

ii. avoid negative outcomes (STI/HIV, sexual coercion, unintended pregnancy)

Question 26

Why was 2015 curriculum was so problematic

Answer 26

proceeded without consultation (public, parents, students)

Question 27

sex-ed consultations in 2018 to gather information from parents, citizens .etc = Health and Physical Education (2019)

Answer 27

• present curriculum
• Similar to 2015 version that was scrapped
• Cost $1 million to do so
• Results showed what the public wanted

Memorandum from Ministry of Education exempted students from instruction of those specific sex-ed components (grade 1-8) if a parent decides so
○ Mandates children to be educated, yet parents can override for sexual health

Question 28

Health public policy

Answer 28

extent to which health experts, professionals, scientists should be focused on what’s going on in hospitals and clinics/health system
VS
how much they should be engaging in other sectors of society given their exponential knowledge

Question 29

Sex education is primarily the responsibility of the ___

Answer 29

education sector (Ontario’s Ministry of Education)

• One could design a sex ed curriculum with or without an explicit concern for health/accountability for health impact