N.6

Question 1

What characterizes acquired fistulae?; Acquired fistulae are those that are not congenital and are due to trauma or inflammation.

Question 2

What is the difference between complete and incomplete fistulae?; Complete fistulae have more than one opening

Answer 2

while incomplete or blind fistulae have only one opening and end in the tissues.

Question 3

What is a pathologic fistula?; A pathologic fistula is an abnormal connection that occurs due to disease processes

Answer 3

such as ruminal fistula or abdominal fistula.

Question 4

What is a secretory fistula?; A secretory fistula implies a pathological relation of deeply seated secretory organs

Answer 4

such as glands

Question 5

What is a purulent fistula?; A purulent fistula is associated with infections and includes conditions like tooth fistula and fistulous withers.

Question 6

What is a fistula?; A fistula is an abnormal tubular inflammatory tract connecting two surfaces

Answer 6

running from the lumen of a hollow organ or body cavity to another hollow organ or body cavity or to the body surface.

Question 7

What are congenital fistulae?; Congenital fistulae are those present at birth due to some developmental abnormality

Answer 7

such as lacrimal fistula

Question 8

What is an excretory fistula?; An excretory fistula implies a pathological relation of deeply seated excretory organs

Answer 8

such as the stomach

Question 9

What condition is suspected when a sinus tract develops along the withers?; The condition of fistulous withers is suspected.

Question 10

What types of infections can lead to the formation of a sinus?; Infections that are unable to mount an efficient inflammatory response

Answer 10

such as actinomycosis

Question 11

What is a sinus in the context of infection?; A sinus is a blind

Answer 11

purulent tract that shows no tendency to heal

Question 12

What causes the formation of a sinus?; The cause of a sinus is often a foreign body or dead tissue

Answer 12

such as metal or glass pieces

Question 13

What are the characteristics of a chronic sinus?; In chronic cases

Answer 13

there is thickening around the sinus tract due to fibro-connective tissue.

Question 14

How can the diagnosis of a sinus be performed?; Diagnosis can be performed by injecting fluids into the sinus to show its capacity and using a probe to indicate its depth and direction. A radiograph may reveal a visible tract due to gas

Answer 14

and contrast medium can outline a sinus tract and foreign body

Question 15

What procedures are involved in the treatment of a sinus?; The treatment involves removing necrotized tissues such as cartilage

Answer 15

bone

Question 16

What are the typical symptoms of a sinus?; Symptoms of a sinus include a small

Answer 16

constricted

Question 17

What is the first step in the treatment of a sinus?; The first step in the treatment of a sinus is to open it freely to the bottom. It is advisable to inject a colored antiseptic solution like methylene blue into the sinus before opening it to help identify the tract.

Question 18

What is a common treatment for a sinus that cannot receive operative treatment?; A sinus that cannot receive operative treatment may be fired or cauterized

Answer 18

which is a more rapid and effectual operation.

Question 19

Why are firing and caustics seldom effective for treating fistulae?; Firing and caustics are seldom effective

Answer 19

and in many cases

Question 20

What is an example of radical treatment for secretory fistulae?; An example of radical treatment for secretory fistulae is the extirpation of the secretory gland

Answer 20

such as the extirpation of the parotid gland in the horse.

Question 21

What factors determine the need for surgical correction of excretory and secretory fistulae?; The need for surgical correction of excretory and secretory fistulae depends on its location and the organ involved.