N339 Exam 2 from Fall cohort Flashcards
(128 cards)
What do fibroblasts do?
Synthesize collagen and form new connective tissue
What are systemic manifestations of inflammation?
Fever; neutrophilia, lethargy, muscle catabolism
What is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicative of?
Presence of inflammation
When does autoimmunity occur?
When the immune system recognizes the own person’s cells as foreign and an immune system response is initiated
What are three factors that are involved in autoimmunity?
Gender
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
What is the mechanism for type 1 reaction?
IgE mediated
What are examples for mechanisms for type 1 reaction?
Hay fever, asthma, anaphylaxis
What is the mechanism for type II reaction?
IgG and IgM
What are examples for mechanisms for type II reaction?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic disease of newborn; Goodpasture disease
Myasthenia Gravis
What are the mechanisms for type III reaction?
IgG, IgM, IgA
What are examples for mechanisms for type III reaction?
Lupus, arthritis
What are the mechanisms for type IV reaction?
T lymphocytes release cytokines and produce T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
In a type I reaction, what detects the antigens?
CD4-T cells
What occurs during a type I reaction?
Release of histamine
Release of membrane phospholipids
Release cytokines which recruit and activate other inflammatory cells
Is anaphylaxis a systematic or localized response?
Systematic response
What does anaphylaxis cause in relation to blood pressure?
Drop in BP and vasodilatation
What medications can cause human anaphylaxis?
Penicillin, radiographic contrast media, aspirin
What biological agents cause anaphylaxis?
Insulin, vaccines, local anesthetics, insect stings
What foods cause human anaphylaxis?
Nuts, shellfish, eggs, strawberries
In type II (cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction), describe three mechanisms by which the cell destructs?
Direct cell destruction
Activation of complement can cause membrane lysis OR opsonization and phagocytosis
What is opsonization?
The coating of cells with complement; coating enhances phagocytosis
What does acetylcholine do?
Activates muscle contraction
What occurs in myasthenia gravis?
Acetylcholine cannot be received by muscle due to the antibodies blocking the receptors.
Name three diseases associated with type II hypersensitive.
Type 1 Diabetes
Myasthenia gravis
Graves disease