Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs212 > N212 Lecture 7 > Flashcards

N212 Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The IASP defines pain as

A

an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

McCafferys definition of pain

A

pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effective pain management improves

A

quality of life, reduce physical discomfort, promotes earlier mobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The four physiological processes of normal pain are

A

transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transduction, 1st pain process

A
  • begins in the periphery when a pain stimuli sends a impulse across a sensory nerve pain fiber (nociceptor), this initiates an action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neurotransmitters affect the nerve stimuli by

A

excite during transmission or inhibit during modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enhances transmission of the pain impulse

A

excitatory neurotransmitters send impulses across the synaptic cleft between 2 nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the cause of the inflammatory response and spreading the pain message is due to

A

the pain sensitizing substances surrounding the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When the pain stimulus reaches the cerebral cortex the brain interprets it as

A

the quality of the pain and process information from past experience, knowledge and cultural associations in perception of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

perception is

A

the point at which a person is aware of the pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the intensity and location of the pain is identified by

A

somatosensory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what determines how a person feels about pain

A

the associated cortex, primarily the limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the pain center is in one location

A

false, there is no single pain center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

as a person becomes aware of pain what occurs

A

a complex reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

psychological and cognitive factors interact with

A

neurophysiological ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

perception gives

A

awareness and meaning to pain, resulting in a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the reaction to pain includes

A

physiological and behavioral responses that occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nerve impulses from pain travel along

A

afferent sensory peripheral nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the two types of peripheral nerve fibers that conduct painful stimuli

A

the fast myelinated A delta fibers and the small/slow unmyelinated C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the A fibers send

A

sharp, localized distinct sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the C fibers relay impulses that

A

are poorly localized, visceral and persistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

modulation is

A

the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters ( endorphins/endogenous opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA) which hinder pain to produce analgesic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A delta fibers send sensory impulses to the spinal cord to

A

synapse with spinal motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spinal motor neurons travel via reflex arc along efferent nerve fibers to

A

a peripheral muscle near the site of stimulation, bypassing the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

contraction of the muscle leads to

A

a protective withdrawal from the source of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pain processes require

A

an intact nervous system and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the factors that disrupt pain process are

A

trauma, drugs, tumor growth and metabolic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stimulation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS results in

A

physiological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

patients in pain always have changes in vital signs, true or false

A

false, patients in pain do not always have changes in vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are some behavioral responses to pain

A

clenching teeth, facial grimacing, holding painful part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what influences our perception when it comes to pain

A

patients ability to tolerate pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

patients who have low pain tolerance are sometimes

A

inaccurately perceived as complainers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

how is pain caterogized

A

duration(chronic or acute) or pathology (cancer or neuropathic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

whats the primary nursing goal when it comes to pain

A

to provide pain relief that allows patients to participate in their recovery, prevent complications and improve functional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

chronic pain lasts longer than normal pain which can be

A

cancerous or noncancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

examples of chronic noncancerous pain are

A

arthritis, headache, low back pain, peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

referred pain is

A

pain at the actual site of the tumor or distant to the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

when there is no obvious source of pain healthcare providers stereotype patients as

A

malingerers, complainers, or difficult patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a nurses personal opinion about a patients report of pain does what?

A

affects pain assessment and titration of opioid doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pain is apart of aging, true or false

A

false its not apart of aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

pain perception does decrease with age, true or false

A

false, pain perception does not decrease with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pain in older adults requires

A

aggressive assessment, diagnosis and management

43
Q

increased attention is associated with increased pain whereas distraction is associated with

A

diminished pain response

44
Q

when in pain spirituality stretches beyond what ?

A

religion

45
Q

what increases the perception of pain

A

anxiety

46
Q

anxiolytic medications are not a substitute for

A

analgesia

47
Q

pain is a lonely experience which causes patients to feel loss of control but coping style influences

A

the ability to deal with pain

48
Q

persons with internal loci of control perceive

A

having control over events in their life and the outcomes such as pain

49
Q

persons with external loci perceive

A

other factors in their life such as nurses are responsible for the outcome

50
Q

successful critical thinking for pain requires

A

knowledge, experience, information gathered from patients, critical thinking attitudes intellectual and professional standards

51
Q

successful pain management means pain elimination, true or false

A

false, it means attainment of a mutually agreed on pain relief goal that allows patient to control their pain

52
Q

whats the first step in helping patient regain control of pain

A

asking a patient about his or her tolerable pain level

53
Q

abc’s of pain management

A

ask ( pain regularly), believe(patient and family in their report of pain), choose ( pain control options), deliver ( interventions in a timely fashion) and empower( them to control their course)

54
Q

is pain static or dynamic

A

dynamic

55
Q

a patients self report of pain is

A

the most reliable indicator of existence and intensity

56
Q

when assessing patient for pain we ask

A

onset of pain, duration of pain and time sequence

57
Q

the most subjective and useful characteristic for pain is

A

severity

58
Q

an accurate nursing clinical problem may be made only after you

A

perform a complete assessment

59
Q

one strategy for planning care is

A

concept map

60
Q

whats the outcome of care for patients with pain

A

helping them learn how to manage their pain

61
Q

relaxation and guided imagery allow patients to

A

alter affective motivational and cognitive pain perception

62
Q

relaxation is

A

mental and physical freedom form tension or stress that provides individuals a sense of self control

63
Q

a form of cutaneous stimulation is

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) -stimulates of the skin with mild electrical current

64
Q

most common and effective method of pain relief is

A

analgesics

65
Q

3 types of analgesics

A

nonopioids (acetaminophen and NSAIDS), opioids (traditionally narcotics), co analgesics or adjuvants ( variety of medications that enhance analgesics or have analgesics properties that were originally unknown)

66
Q

nsaids work on

A

peripheral nerve receptors to reduce transmission of pain stimuli

67
Q

Provides mild to moderate pain relief

A

nsaids

68
Q

has no anti inflammatory or antiplatelet effects

A

acetaminophen

69
Q

long term use of nonopiods is associated with

A

GI bleeding and renal insufficiency

70
Q

prescribed for moderate to severe pain

A

opioids

71
Q

one adverse effect of opioids is

A

sedation that precedes respiratory depression

72
Q

to maximize pain relief with opioid use is

A

administer analgesics around the clock rather than prn

73
Q

when switching from IV to oral form of opioid its much higher because

A

the first pass effect of medication metabolized in the liver

74
Q

opioids are usually necessary and effective for

A

acute pain and cancer pain of moderate or severe intensity

75
Q

patients at higher risk for opioid related adverse drug events, true or false

A

true

76
Q

why should you avoid partial doses at more frequent intervals for opioids

A

to not under dose patients with small, frequent ineffective doses

77
Q

adjuvants and co analgesics are

A

used to treat other conditions but have analgesics qualities

78
Q

what is PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia involving IV or subq drug administration

79
Q

range for PCA to deliver a dose at specific time intervals

A

range of 8-15 minutes

80
Q

commonly used topical agents include

A

nsaid products (ketoprofen patch) and capsaicin

81
Q

Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) are not used around the eyes, tympanic membrane or over large surfaces, true or false

A

true

82
Q

lidoderm patch is used for cutaneous neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, true or false

A

true

83
Q

lidoderm patch use a 12 hour on and 12 hour off schedule, true or false

A

true

84
Q

local anesthesia is during brief surgical procedures such as skin lesion, suturing a wound, true or false

A

true

85
Q

regional anesthesia is

A

injection or infusion of local anesthetics to block a group of sensory nerve fibers

86
Q

a perinerural local anesthetic infusion is when the surgeon

A

places the tip of an unsutured catheter near a nerve or group of nerves and catheter exits from the surgical wound

87
Q

common side effects of topical applications of local anesthetics are

A

pruritus or burning of the skin or localizes rash

88
Q

applying local anesthetics to a vascular mucous membrane will

A

increase chance of systemic effects such as increased heart rate

89
Q

the use of local anesthetics in peripheral nerve and epidural infusions may block motor nerves as well as sensory nerves, true or false

A

true

90
Q

epidural analgesia effectively treats

A

acute postoperative pain, rib fracture pain, labor and delivery, chronic cancer pain

91
Q

epidural analgesia is short or long term depending on patients condition, true or false

A

true

92
Q

cancer pain is either chronic or acute, true or false

A

true

93
Q

the american pain society primary goal in treating chronic noncancer pain with opioids is

A

increase patients level of function

94
Q

patients on chronic opioid therapy require

A

monitoring and follow ups

95
Q

when patients are unable to swallow, have nausea or vomiting, or near death we administer analgesics by

A

rectally

96
Q

patient barriers for effective pain management

A

fear of addiction, side effects, fear of tolerance

97
Q

health care barriers for effective pain management

A

inadequate pain assessment, no pain management protocols, concern with addiction or accidental overdose

98
Q

healthcare system barriers for effective pain management

A

concern with creating addicts, difficulty filling Rx, limitation on reimbursement for Rx

99
Q

experiencing a physical dependency does not imply addiction, true or false

A

true

100
Q

what does a comprehensive pain center do

A

treat persons on an inpatient or outpatient basis

101
Q

the goal for palliative care is

A

to learn to live life fully with an incurable condition

102
Q

what does hospice do

A

helps terminally ill patient continue to live at home or in a health care setting in comfort

103
Q

main priority for hospices

A

pain control

104
Q

a patients behavioral responses to pain relief interventions are not always obvious, true or false

A

true

Nurs212 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions